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Dermatology > PANCE/PANRE Study Guide Book > Flashcards

PANCE/PANRE Study Guide Book Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Papule

A

raised, solid < 10 mm

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2
Q

Nodule

A

Raised, solid > 10mm

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3
Q

macule

A

Flat < 10mm

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4
Q

Patch

A

flat > 10mm

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5
Q

Plaque

A

plateau like > 10mm

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6
Q

Vesicle-

A

Raised, contains serous fluid < 5mm

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7
Q

raised, contains serous fluid > 5 mm

A

raised, contains serous fluid > 5 mm

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8
Q

Pustule-

.

A

raised, contains purulent material

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9
Q

Wheal-

A

elevated lesion from local edema, transient

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10
Q

Crust-

A

hard surface, dried sebum, exudates, blood, necrotic skin

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11
Q

Scale

A

horny epithelium with dry appearance

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12
Q

Erosion

A

defect of epidermis (non scarring)

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13
Q

Ulcer

A

defect of dermis or deeper (scarring)

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14
Q

Types of Dermatitis

A

Contact Dermatitis, Atopic Dermatitis, Nummular Eczema, Seborrheic Dermatitis, Perioral dermatitis

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15
Q

Treatment for dermatitis

A

Avoid offending agent. Burrow’s solution (aluminum acetate), topical steroids, zinc oxide (diaper rash)

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16
Q

atopic dermatitis presentation

A

Pruritic papules and plaques

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17
Q

atopic dermatitis etiology

A

IgE, type 1 hypersensitivity

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18
Q

Nummular Eczema

A

coin Shaped/ discoid plaques

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19
Q

SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS

A 
Cradle Cap: 
Erythematous/yellow, scaly crusted lesions.  
Location:  Infants- scalp. 
Adults/puberty- body folds.
Treatment: Ketoconazole shampoo
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20
Q

Lichen planus:

A

5 P’s: purple, papule, polygonal, pruritis, planar Wickham striae
Treatment: Topical steroids

21
Q

Pityriasis rosea:

.

A
  • Herald patch: Large oval plaque with central clearing and scaly border. 1st sign
  • Pruritic erythematous plaque with central scale in —Christmas tree pattern on the trunk
  • The disease is self-limiting
22
Q

Psoriasis:

A

Erythematous plaque with silver scaling on extensor surfaces
Types:
Psoriasis Vulgaris- most common.
Guttate- children. After URI. Small lesions
Inverse- intertriginous areas.
Pustular- contains pustules
Signs:
Auspitz sign (bleeds when scale is picked)
Koebner’s phenomenon (minor trauma causes new
lesion)
Treatment: Topical steriods.

23
Q

Erythema multiforme:

A

Causes: HSV, sulfa drugs

Target lesions on hands, feet and mucosa Treatment: Avoid trigger

24
Q

Steven Johnson syndrome/ Toxic epidermal necrolysis:

.

A

SJS is 3-10% of body, TEN is > 30% of body
Causes: drug reaction- most often sulfa drugs. Also other
antibiotics, anti-epileptics
Prodrome, then morbiliform lesions, blisters, necrotic
epidermis, Nikolsky sign (pushing blister causes further
separation from dermis)
Diagnosis: Biopsy- shows necrotic epithelium
Treatment: Treat underlying cause and supportive (burn
unit)

25
Q

Acne vulgaris

A

Open comedones (black heads), closed comodones (white
heads), papules, pustules, nodules or cysts Treatment:
Most acne- topical retinoids
Cystic acne-
tetracyclines then oral retinoids- isotretinoin (causes
dry lips, liver damage, pregnancy category X)

26
Q

Rosacea:

A

Women aged 30-50
Facial erythema, telangiectasias, papules
Triggers: heat, alcohol, spicy foods
Treatment: metronidazole topical

27
Q

Actinic keratosis:

A

Presentation:
Flesh-colored/pink/yellow-brown lesion with rough
sandpaper feel at sun-exposed areas
May progress to squamous cell carcinoma Treatment:
Cryotherapy, electrodesiccation

28
Q

Seborrheic keratosis:

A

Brown-black stuck on waxy plaques

Treatment: Unnecessary. Excise for cosmetics

29
Q

Lice (Pediculosis):

A

Presentation: Pruritic scalp, body or groin.

Nits are observed as small white specs on hair shaft Treatment: Permethrin

30
Q

Scabies:

A

Presentation: Pruritic papules. S shaped or linear burrows on skin. Often in web spaces.
Diagnosis: microscropic observation of mite, egg or feces after skin scrape
Treatment: Permethrin

31
Q

Spider bites:

A

Brown recluse- necrotic wound

Black widow- neurologic manifestation (muscle ache, spasm, rigidity)

32
Q

Basal cell carcinoma:

A

Raised pearly borders, telangiectasis, central ulcer (Rodent ulcer)
Treatment: Excise with clear margins

33
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma:

A

Hyperkeratotic macule, scaling

Treatment: Excise with clear margins

34
Q

Melanoma:

A 
ABCDE: 
Asymmetry,
 Border is irregular, 
Color variability (blue, red, white), 
Diameter (> 6 mm), 
Evolution
35
Q

Kaposi sarcoma:

A

Violaceous papular lesions associated with AIDs Caused by Human Herpes Virus 8

36
Q

Alopecia:

A

Alopeica areata- oval shaped well demarcated hair loss
Autoimmune cause.
Treatment: Clobetasol
Adrogenetic alopecia (male pattern baldness)- top of head Telogen effluvium- Diffuse hair loss
Occurs after stress, illness, medication.
Self limiting
Traction alopecia- tight hairstyles

37
Q

Onychomycosis:

A

Thick, yellow, brittle nails

Treatment: Oral terbinafine

38
Q

Paronychia:

A

Inflammation around nail.
Organism: Staphylococcus sp
Treatment: Warm soaks, drain visible pus, anti-staph antibiotic

39
Q

Condyloma acuminatum (genital warts):

A

Cause: HPV (Types 6 and 11)

Flesh colored, cauliflower appearance

40
Q

Exanthems:

A

Measles(Rubeola)
Measles virus.
Koplik spots (grains of sand on erythematous base),
cough, coryza. Caudocephalic spread of maculopapular rash
Rubella (German Measles)
Rubella virus.
3 days. Caudocephalic spread of maculopapular rash.
Lymphadenopathy.
Teratogenic in pregnancy (worst outcomes in first
trimester)
Roseola
Human Herpes Virus 6 or 7.
Fever, then subsequent macular rash beginning on
trunk.
Erythema Infectiousum / Fifth disease
Parvovirus B19.
Slapped cheek with lace-like rash
Hand-foot-mouth:
Coxksackie virus.
children <10 years old with vesicles on pharynx, mouth,
hands, feet

41
Q

Herpes Simplex:.

A

Presentation: Grouped vesicles on erythematous base.

42
Q

Molluscum contagiosum:

A

Poxvirus

Pearly papule with umbilicated center

43
Q

Varicella zoster virus:

A

Chicken pox- Dew drop on rose petal
Shingles- Pain precedes rash in dermatomal pattern
Hutchinson’s sign- lesion on nose. Concern for eye
involvment

44
Q

Verrucae:

A

Cause: HPV
Verruca vulgaris- skin colored papillomatous papules.
Hands
Verruca plana- flat warts. Face, arms, legs
Plantar warts- bottom of foot. Rough surface. Dark spot
(thrombosed capillaries)

45
Q

Cellulitis:

A

Warm erythematous tender skin with induration or fluctuance

Organism: Staphylococcus aureus is most common Treatment: Dicloxacillin

46
Q

Erysipelas:

A

Distinct sharp, raised, demarcated border, more superficial than cellulitis. Fever, chills.
Organism: Group A strep
Treatment: Dicloxacillin

47
Q

Impetigo:

A

Organism: Staphylococcus aureus is most common
Nonbullous- Honey colored crusts around nose and
mouth.
Bullous- thin walled vesicles
Treatment: Mupriocin ointment

48
Q

Candidiasis:

A

Presentation: Beefy red plaques with satellite lesions
Location: Groin in infants, under breast folds in adults
Treatment: Nystatin cream. Ketoconazole for failure

49
Q

Dermatophyte:

A

Tinea pedis (foot), tinea cruris (groin), tinea corporis (body), tinea barbae (beard area), tinea capitis (head)
Organism: Trichophyton
Annular erythematous patch with scaly borders and central clearing. Pruritis.
KOH prep: Segmented hyphea and spores
Treatment: Topical ketoconazole
Tinea versicolor:
Organism: Malassexia furfur
Presentation: Hypo or hyper pigmented macules on upper trunk.
KOH prep: Curved hyphea and spores/spaghetti and meatballs
Treatment: ketoconazole shampoo

Dermatology (5 decks)

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