PALS Flashcards
Practice Pediatric Advanced Life Support
What is the recommended compression depth for CPR in infants and children?
- Infant: 1 1/2’’
- Child: 2’’
What are the first two steps in a witnessed arrest for a pediatric patient?
- Call 911
- Begin CPR
What are the first two steps in an unwitnessed arrest for a pediatric patient?
- Begin CPR for 2 minutes.
- Call 911.
What are the assessments for pediatric breathing?
- Look for retractions.
- Listen for audible noises.
- Feel for appropriate tidal volume.
- Position airway appropriately.
What is the Pediatric Assessment Triangle?
The three components:
- Airway
- Work of breathing
- Circulation (color of skin)
What is considered hypotension in children aged 1 to 12 years old?
< 70 mmHg + (age x 2)
What is considered hypoglycemia in infants and children?
Blood glucose level
< 60 BGL
What is considered hypoglycemia in neonates?
< 45 BGL
What is the amount of fluid resuscitation for cardiogenic shock?
10 ml/kg over 10-20 minutes
What is the amount of fluid resuscitation for non-cardiogenic shock?
20 ml/kg over 10-20 minutes
Fill in the blank.
A heart rate < 60bpm, you begin ____.
Hint: intervention
compressions
How can you perform a vagal maneuver in a child with SVT?
- Apply ice mixed with water to the face.
- Have the child blow through a straw.
What is the manual defibrillation dose?
- 2j/kg
- 4j/kg
- 6j/kg
- 8j/kg
What is the rate for pediatric compressions?
100-120 cpm
What is the ratio of compression:breath for 1 person pediatric CPR?
30:2
What is the ratio of compression:breath for 2 person pediatric CPR?
15:2
Where is the location for an infant pulse check?
Brachial
Where is the location for a child pulse check?
Carotid or Femoral
What technique should be used for a single rescuer infant compressions?
two-finger
What technique should be used for a two-person rescuer infant compress?
two-thumb encircling
Where should the defibrillation pads be positioned for both infants and children?
front and back
At what age can adult defibrillation pads be used on children?
>8 years old
True or false.
Grunting is a normal sign in children, and not indicative of severe respiratory distress.
False
Grunting requires a quick intervention.
What is the normal urine output for an infant?
1.5-2 ml/kg per hour
What is the normal urine output for children?
1 ml/kg per hour
What are the steps for a high quality CPR?
- Compressions at 100-120/min
- Compression depth at 1½ - 2’’
- Complete chest recoil after compressions
- <10 seconds interruptions
- 1 breath every 6 seconds
What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children?
Respiratory/airway issues
Dosage:
Epinephrine
.01 mg/kg
Dosage:
Lidocaine
Pulseless
1 mg/kg
Dosage:
Amiodarone
Pulseless
5 mg/kg, MAX 300mg
Dosage:
Atropine
.02 mg/kg
What are the signs/symptoms of hypoglycemia?
- Poor Perfusion
- Lethargy
- Hypothermia
- Diaphoresis
- Hypotension
- Irritability
- Tachycardia
How wide must a QRS complex be considered wide in a pediatric patient?
>90 ms
What is the heart rate for SVT in an infant and child?
- Infant: >220 bpm
- Child: >180 bpm
What is the joules dose for Synchronized Cardioversion in pediatrics?
.5j/kg - 1j/kg
Followed by 2j/kg
Dosage:
Epinephrine Infusion
Post ROSC
0.1-0.3 mcg/kg per minute
What is the 4-2-1 rule for maintenance fluids?
D5NS/hr
- 4 ml/kg for the first 10kg
- 2 ml/kg for the second 10kg
- 1 ml/kg for each kg after
Example: Patient is 18kg
4ml(10) = 40ml
8ml(2) = 16ml
D5NS = 56ml/hr
