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NREMT® Paramedic > EMT-P (2) Cardiology and Resuscitation > PALS > Flashcards

PALS Flashcards

Practice Pediatric Advanced Life Support

1
Q

What is the recommended compression depth for CPR in infants and children?

A
  • Infant: 1 1/2’’
  • Child: 2’’
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2
Q

What are the first two steps in a witnessed arrest for a pediatric patient?

A
  1. Call 911
  2. Begin CPR
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3
Q

What are the first two steps in an unwitnessed arrest for a pediatric patient?

A
  1. Begin CPR for 2 minutes.
  2. Call 911.
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4
Q

What are the assessments for pediatric breathing?

A
  • Look for retractions.
  • Listen for audible noises.
  • Feel for appropriate tidal volume.
  • Position airway appropriately.
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5
Q

What is the Pediatric Assessment Triangle?

A

The three components:

  • Airway
  • Work of breathing
  • Circulation (color of skin)
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6
Q

What is considered hypotension in children aged 1 to 12 years old?

A

< 70 mmHg + (age x 2)

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7
Q

What is considered hypoglycemia in infants and children?

Blood glucose level

A

< 60 BGL

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8
Q

What is considered hypoglycemia in neonates?

A

< 45 BGL

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9
Q

What is the amount of fluid resuscitation for cardiogenic shock?

A

10 ml/kg over 10-20 minutes

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10
Q

What is the amount of fluid resuscitation for non-cardiogenic shock?

A

20 ml/kg over 10-20 minutes

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11
Q

Fill in the blank.

A heart rate < 60bpm, you begin ____.

Hint: intervention

A

compressions

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12
Q

How can you perform a vagal maneuver in a child with SVT?

A
  1. Apply ice mixed with water to the face.
  2. Have the child blow through a straw.
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13
Q

What is the manual defibrillation dose?

A
  • 2j/kg
  • 4j/kg
  • 6j/kg
  • 8j/kg
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14
Q

What is the rate for pediatric compressions?

A

100-120 cpm

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15
Q

What is the ratio of compression:breath for 1 person pediatric CPR?

A

30:2

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16
Q

What is the ratio of compression:breath for 2 person pediatric CPR?

A

15:2

17
Q

Where is the location for an infant pulse check?

A

Brachial

18
Q

Where is the location for a child pulse check?

A

Carotid or Femoral

19
Q

What technique should be used for a single rescuer infant compressions?

A

two-finger

20
Q

What technique should be used for a two-person rescuer infant compress?

A

two-thumb encircling

21
Q

Where should the defibrillation pads be positioned for both infants and children?

A

front and back

22
Q

At what age can adult defibrillation pads be used on children?

A

>8 years old

23
Q

True or false.

Grunting is a normal sign in children, and not indicative of severe respiratory distress.

A

False

Grunting requires a quick intervention.

24
Q

What is the normal urine output for an infant?

A

1.5-2 ml/kg per hour

25
Q

What is the normal urine output for children?

A

1 ml/kg per hour

26
Q

What are the steps for a high quality CPR?

A
  • Compressions at 100-120/min
  • Compression depth at 1½ - 2’’
  • Complete chest recoil after compressions
  • <10 seconds interruptions
  • 1 breath every 6 seconds
27
Q

What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children?

A

Respiratory/airway issues

28
Q

Dosage:

Epinephrine

A

.01 mg/kg

29
Q

Dosage:

Lidocaine

Pulseless

A

1 mg/kg

30
Q

Dosage:

Amiodarone

Pulseless

A

5 mg/kg, MAX 300mg

31
Q

Dosage:

Atropine

A

.02 mg/kg

32
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of hypoglycemia?

A
  • Poor Perfusion
  • Lethargy
  • Hypothermia
  • Diaphoresis
  • Hypotension
  • Irritability
  • Tachycardia
33
Q

How wide must a QRS complex be considered wide in a pediatric patient?

A

>90 ms

34
Q

What is the heart rate for SVT in an infant and child?

A
  • Infant: >220 bpm
  • Child: >180 bpm
35
Q

What is the joules dose for Synchronized Cardioversion in pediatrics?

A

.5j/kg - 1j/kg

Followed by 2j/kg

36
Q

Dosage:

Epinephrine Infusion

Post ROSC

A

0.1-0.3 mcg/kg per minute

37
Q

What is the 4-2-1 rule for maintenance fluids?

A

D5NS/hr

  • 4 ml/kg for the first 10kg
  • 2 ml/kg for the second 10kg
  • 1 ml/kg for each kg after

Example: Patient is 18kg

4ml(10) = 40ml
8ml(2) = 16ml

D5NS = 56ml/hr

EMT-P (2) Cardiology and Resuscitation (8 decks)

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