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NREMT® Paramedic > EMT-P (2) Cardiology and Resuscitation > Cardiac Medications > Flashcards

Cardiac Medications Flashcards

Practice the cardiac medications used in cardiovascular emergencies

1
Q

Mechanism of action.

Adenosine

A

Slows conduction through AV node and interrupts re-entrant pathways.

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2
Q

Indication:

Adenosine

A

SVT

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3
Q

Adult and pediatric dosage.

Adenosine

A
  • Adult: 6 mg, 12 mg fast IVP
  • Pediatric: 0.1mg/kg, 0.2mg/kg
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4
Q

Mechanism of action.

Amiodarone

A

Inhibits Na(+) and K+ channels and delays repolarization.

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5
Q

Indication:

Amiodarone

A
  • V-Fib
  • V-Tach
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6
Q

Adult and pediatric dosage.

Amiodarone

A

Adult:

  • V-tach w/ Pulse: 150mg/10; Infusion 1mg/min w/ conversion
  • Pulseless V-tach/V-fib: 300mg, 150mg

Pediatric:

  • V-tach w/ Pulse: 5mg/kg/20-60min
  • Pulseless V-tach/V-fib: 5mg/kg MAX 300mg; MAX total 15mg/kg
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7
Q

Mechanism of action.

Aspirin

A

Antiaggregate

It stops platelets from clumping together

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8
Q

Indication:

Aspirin

A

chest pain/STEMI

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9
Q

Adult and pediatric dosage.

Aspirin

A
  • Adult: 160-325 mg PO
  • Pediatric: N/A
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10
Q

Mechanism of action.

Atropine

A

Acetylcholine antagonist

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11
Q

Indication:

Atropine

A
  • Bradycardia
  • Pediatric RSI
  • Organophosphate poisoning
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12
Q

Adult and pediatric dosage.

Atropine

A
  • Adult: 1mg Q 3-5 min
  • Pediatric: 0.02 mg/kg
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13
Q

Mechanism of action.

Calcium Chloride

A

Increases cardiac contraction.

Inotropic effect

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14
Q

Indication:

Calcium Chloride

A
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Calcium channel blocker/beta blocker toxicity
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15
Q

Adult and pediatric dosage.

Calcium Chloride

A

Adult: Hyperkalemia & Toxicity: 500-1000mg

Pediatric: Hyperkalemia & Toxicity: 20mg/kg MAX 1G

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16
Q

Mechanism of action.

Diltiazem

A

calcium channel blocker

Blocks calcium influx during depolarization.

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17
Q

Indication:

Diltiazem

A

Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter

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18
Q

Adult and pediatric dosage.

Diltiazem

A

Adult: 0.25mg/kg; 0.35mg/kg MAX 20mg, 25mg; Infusion: 5-15mg/hr

Pediatric: N/A

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19
Q

Mechanism of action.

Dobutamine

A

Increases myocardial contractility, stroke volume, and cardiac output.

20
Q

Indication:

Dobutamine

A

Cardiogenic shock, CHF

21
Q

Adult and pediatric dosage.

Dobutamine

A

Adult & Pediatric: 2-20 mcg/kg/min

22
Q

Mechanism of action:

Dopamine

A

Increases inotropic and chronotropic effects.

23
Q

Indication:

Dopamine

A
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Septic shock
  • Distributive shock
  • Bradycardia
24
Q

Adult and pediatric dosage.

Dopamine

A

Adult & Pediatric: 2-20 mcg/kg/min

25
Q

Mechanism of action.

Epinephrine

A
  • Alpha-1 agonist
  • Beta-1 agonist
  • Beta-2 agonist
26
Q

Indication:

Epinephrine

Hint: Cardiac

A
  • Asystole
  • PEA
  • V-fib
  • Pulseless V-tach
  • Bradycardia
27
Q

Adult and pediatric dosage.

Epinephrine

Hint: cardiac

A

Adult:

  • Asystole/PEA/Pulseless V-Tach/V-Fib: 1 mg IV/IO
  • Bradycardia/Hypotension: 2-10 mcg/min

Pediatric:

  • Asystole/PEA/Pulseless V-tach/V-Fib: 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO
  • Bradycardia: 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO
  • Infusion: 0.1 - 1 mcg/min
28
Q

Mechanism of action.

Furosemide

A

Inhibits absorption of chloride and sodium at proximal and distal tubules and loop of Henle.

It can cause an increase in urine output.

29
Q

Indication:

Furosemide

A
  • CHF
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Hypertensive crisis
30
Q

Adult and pediatric dosage.

Furosemide

A

Adult: 0.5 - 1 mg/kg; if no response, double the dose

Pediatric: 1 mg/kg

31
Q

Mechanism of action.

Labetalol

A

Alpha and beta antagonist, it decreases blood pressure.

32
Q

Indication:

Labetalol

A

It is used for managing moderate to severe hypertension.

33
Q

Adult and pediatric dosage.

Labetalol

A

Adult: 10mg IV; repeat or double Q 10min; Infusion: 2-8 mg/min

Pediatric: N/A

34
Q

Mechanism of action.

Lidocaine

A

Sodium channel blocker; decreases automaticity.

35
Q

Indication:

Lidocaine

A
  • V-Tach
  • V-Fib
36
Q

Adult and pediatric dosage.

Lidocaine

A

Adult:

  • Pulseless V-tach/V-Fib: 1-1.5 mg/kg; repeat .5-.75 mg, MAX 3 mg/kg
  • Stable V-Tach: 1-1.5 mg/kg; repeat .5-.75 mg/kg Q 5-10min, MAX 3mg/kg
  • Infusion: 1-4 mg/min

Pediatric:

  • Pulseless V-tach/V-Fib: 1 mg/kg, MAX 100mg
  • Infusion: 20-50 mcg/kg/min
37
Q

Mechanism of action.

Metoprolol

A

Decreases HR, conduction, contractility, and cardiac output.

Selective Beta-1 agonist

38
Q

Indication:

Metoprolol

A
  • PSVT
  • A-Flutter
  • A-Fib
  • Reduces oxygen demand in STEMI patients
39
Q

Adult and pediatric dosage.

Metoprolol

A

Adult:

STEMI: 2-4mg
NSTEMI/Unstable Angina: 1-5mg

Pediatric: 0.1 - 0.2 mg/kg, MAX 5mg

40
Q

Mechanism of action.

Nitroglycerine

A
  • Dilates peripheral arteries
  • Decreases preload and afterload
  • Vasodilator
41
Q

Indication:

Nitroglycerine

A
  • Acute angina
  • NSTEMI
  • STEMI
  • CHF
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Hypertension
42
Q

Adult and pediatric dosage.

Nitroglycerine

A

Adult:

  • Tablet: 0.4 mg
  • Spray: 1-2 sprays, MAX 3 sprays
  • Infusion: 10 mcg/min; increase by 10 mcg/min Q 3-5 min, MAX 200 mcg/min

Pediatric: N/A

43
Q

Mechanism of action.

Norepinephrine

A
  • Vasopressor
  • Alpha and beta agonist causing peripheral vasoconstriction.

Positive inotropic effect and dilates coronary arteries.

44
Q

Indication:

Norepinephrine

Hint: cardiac

A
  • cardiogenic shock
  • significant hypotension
45
Q

Adult and pediatric dosage.

Norepinephrine

A

Adult: 0.1-0.5 mcg/kg/min

Pediatric: 0.1-0.2 mcg/kg/min

46
Q

Adult and pediatric dosage.

Nitropaste

A

Adult: ½’’ to ¾’’ (15-30mcg); cover with wrap and secure, MAX 5’’ (75mg)

Pediatric: N/A

EMT-P (2) Cardiology and Resuscitation (8 decks)

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