Palestine Flashcards
- Where does the name Transjordan come from?
a. During the British Mandate for Palestine, the term “Transjordan” was used to refer to the eastern part of Mandatory Palestine, which lay east of the Jordan River.
b. Lo que está después del rio Jordán.
- What happened to the aliyah (Jewish migration) when the British mandate was established?
a. The authorities allowed the arrival of Jewish immigration to Palestine because there was a political authority in Palestine that promoted the kibbutzim.
- What are kibbutzim?
a. Jewish agricultural-based communities.
- How many times did Jewish migration increase after the aliyah?
a. 5 times more.
- What was the local population’s response to the aliyah?
a. Palestinian resistance: opposition to immigration.
b. 1939: British restriction and illegal immigration (Aliyah Bet).
- Names of Jewish militias.
a. Jewish Resistance Movement
b. They were irregular army that terrorized the Palestinian population and defied British authority.
- Black Hand Organization.
a. Armed resistance, a military organization, against colonization.
b. It started as military movement, then as a political party.
c. Antecedent of Hamas.
- In what year did the Great Palestinian Revolt occur?
a. 1936-1939
- When did the British mandate over Palestine end?
a. May 15, 1948
b. Background
i. 1937: Peel Commission partition plan.
ii. Zionists saw partition as a first step to control the whole land.
iii. UN Special Committee on Palestine in 1947.
iv. Nov 1947: UN GA Resolution 181 (33 in favour, 13 against, 10-including Mexico abstained).
v. British mandate ended on May 15, 1948.
- What was the Partition Plan?
a. This plan proposed the division of Mandatory Palestine into two states: one for Jews and one for Arabs, along with the internationalization of Jerusalem.
b. Proposed by Great Britain and U.S.
- First Arab-Israeli War
a. 1948 Israel declares its independence.
b. Next day: a coalition of Arab armies (Egypt, Syria, Transjordan) enters Palestine.
c. 10 months of fighting, mainly in Arab (Palestinian) territory.
d. By the end of war, Israel controlled the territory granted by UN, plus 60% of proposed Arab state, 78% total.
- What ended the First Arab-Israeli War? What is the Green Line?
a. Death.
b. Israel controlled more than the granted territory.
c. It ended with the Armistice agreements -> Green Line
d. A border to not shot it is not a frontier, but Israel has taken it as one.
- Plan Dalet
a. Attempt to have an exclusively Jewish presence in Palestine.
b. Etnic cleansing.
c. Part of the Nakba.
- How many Palestinians were expelled during the Nakba?
a. Nakba -> the catastrophe.
b. Extermination and expulsion of Palestinian in late 1940s
c. Plan Dalet.
d. Close to 800,000 people uprooted.
e. 531 villages destroyed.
f. 11 neighborhoods emptied.
g. 15000 people killed.
- What is the Green Line?
a. 1949 Armistice
b. It is not a border (frontier), it is a line of no attack.
- During 1950, who controlled the Gaza strip?
a. Egypt.
- During 1950, who controlled the West Bank?
a. Jordan
- Division of Jerusalem
a. West
b. East
- Palestinian National Liberation Movement
año
a. Fatah
b. 1959
- Who was the leader of the Palestinian cause in 1950?
a. Yasser Arafat
- Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
a. 1964
b. It’s created to form a state in Palestine.
- Which territories do Israel controlled by 1967?
a. West Bank
b. Gaza
c. East Jerusalem
- How many displacement people were by the 60’s?
a. 300,000 Palestinians
b. 45% of them for the second time.
- Black September
a. AKA Jordanian Civil War
b. 1970-1971
In September 1970, King Hussein of Jordan ordered the Jordanian army to move against the Palestinian militant groups operating within his country. The Jordanian military launched a campaign to disband the Palestinian militias and expel them from Jordan.
- How many settlements did Israel stablish by 1973?
a. 17 in the West Bank
b. 7 in the Gaza Strip
- When did the PLO gain observer status as a non-state entity at UN?
a. 1974
- First Intifada
a. 1987
b. It was a significant Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation that took place from 1987 to 1993. It was a pivotal event in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, marked by widespread civil resistance, violence, and international attention.
c. Breaks out in the Israeli-occupied Palestinian territories.
d. Israel responded with repression, incarceration, curfews, and closures.
- Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas)
a. Ahmed Yassin
b. In Gaza
c. 1988: PLO declares the establishment of the State of Palestine.
- Oslo Accords
a. 1993
b. Mutual recognition and creation of Palestinian Authority (PA)
c. Palestinian divided intro three areas: 1) Palestinian sovereignty, 2) shared sovereignty and 3) Israel sovereignty.
d. Israel sovereignty comprises 60% of the West Bank
e. It didn’t address Jerusalem, displaced people, borders, settlement and future viability.
f. Hamas emerged as a serious contender in Palestinian politics.
- Second Intifada
a. 2000
b. The intifada began following a visit by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon to the Temple Mount (Al-Aqsa Mosque compound) in East Jerusalem. Sharon’s visit was seen as provocative and disrespectful by many Palestinians.
c. 2005: Israeli withdrew from Gaza Strip.
- Which territories controlled Hamas in 2006?
a. 2006: Hamas won Palestine elections, which led to civil war with Fatah.
b. Controlled Gaza and Fatah the West Bank.
c. Expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank.
- The biggest open-air prision
a. Air, sea and land siege over the Gaza strip. Biggest open air
b. prison in the world.
- Recent event in Palestine
a. 2017: US moved its embassy to Jerusalem, recognizing it as Israel’s capital
b. 2022: Evacuation of Palestinian families from Sheikh Jarrah in East Jerusalem.
c. * 2023: Israeli security minister Itamar Ben Gvir visited Al-Aqsa mosque.
d. * Continuing violence by Israeli settlers in the West Bank.
e. * Oct 7, 2023: Hamas-led operation Al-Aqsa flood.
f. * Over 40,000 Palestinian deaths and more than 2 million forcibly displaced.
