Palate and Nose Flashcards
What weeks does the face develop?
Weeks 4-8
What weeks does the palate develop
Weeks 6-12
What are the bones of the face and neck formed from
neural crest cells in head mesenchyme
What is endochondral ossification?
mesenchyme to cartilage to bone
- occipital, body of sphenoid, ethmoid, petrous and mastoid parts of temp. (neurocranium)
- ossicles of the ear (viscerocranium)
What is intermembanous ossification?
mesenchyme to bone
- parietal, frontal (neurocranium)
- squamous temporal, maxillary, zygomatic (viscerocranium)
What is plagiocephaly?
premature closure of the coronal and lambdoid sutures
What is oxocephaly/brachycephaly?
premature closure of the coronal sutures
What is scaphalocephaly?
premature closure of the saggital sutures (toaster head)
What are the primordial from arch one/ CN5?
V1- frontonasal prominence
V2- paired maxillary prominence
V3- paired mandibular prominence
(proliferation of mesenchyme covered by ectoderm.)
Describe the medial and lateral nasal prominences and their fusion patterns
Medial nasal prominences fuse in midline to form the nose, the laterals fuse with the medial and the maxillary prominence
What are the derivatives of the maxillary and mandibular prominences?
Maxillary- sides of face, lateral palatal shelves, upper lip
Mandibular- Lower jaw
What does the inter maxillary segment form?
the philtrum of the upper lip and primary palate
Describe frontonasal dysplasia
Median cleft upper lip and palate, cleft skull, widows peak, hypertelorism
What is the nasal septum formed from?
the medial nasal prominence and grows down to fuse with the lateral palatine process
What is the palate derived from?
Primary palate(small front part of hard) - intermaxillary segment secondary palate (most of hard and all of soft)- maxillary prominence, lateral paltine processes grow toward midline
What structure is created at the meeting of the primary palate and the lateral palatine processes?
incisive foramen
What is the composition and next steps of the nasal placodes?
Nasal placode-nasal pits- nasal sacs
Thickening of the surface ectoderm
What does the oronasal membrane form?
Since it has no blood supply, it ruptures into the choana
Why can CN 1 regenerate?
it is made from surface ectoderm
In the unilateral clefts of lip and palate, the course of the cleft passes between what teeth?
Lateral incisors and canines
The cleft involving the upper lip and primary hard palate is produced between what two processes?
Medial nasal and maxillary processes
What is the anatomical landmark dividing the contributions of the primary and secondary palate?
Incisive foramen
The philtrum of the upper lip develops from the:
Medial nasal prominences
The major portion of the secondary palate from from:
Lateral palatine processes
The inter maxillary segment forms the fusion of the:
Medial nasal promineneces
The nasal septum is derived from:
Medial nasal prominence
The anterior 2/3 of the tongue develops from the:
Lateral Lingual swellings
The muscles of the tongue are innervated by:
hypoglossal N
The epithelium covering the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is from:
endoderm
The tastebuds on the ant 2/3 of the tongue are innervated by:
facial N
The hypobranchial eminence is derived from which arch(s)?
3rd and 4th
What is the stomedeum?
The ectodermally lined primitive mouth
What separates the stomedeum and pharynx?
Oropharyngeal membrane (buccopharyngeal)
What is the boundary of ectoderm/endoderm formation?
Palatine tonsils- ant is ecto, post is endo (also sulcus on tongue)
What parts of the mouth are ectoderm?
epithelium of lips, gum, enamel of teeth, epithelium of tongue (1st and 2nd arch)
What parts of the mouth are endoderm
Epithelium of posterior (pharyngeal) tongue (3rd arch)
What arches form the tongue?
ant 2/3- Arch 1
Post 1/3- Arch 3
How is the tongue formed from the first arch?
Medial tongue bud, but then lateral lingual swellings overrun it (~week 4)
How is the tongue formed from the third arch?
the hypobranchial eminence forms the post. tongue
What are the muscles/bloodvessels/conn tissue of the tongue derived from?
occipital somites- muscles
Mesoderm- blood vessels
Conn tissue- NC
Where/when are the papillae and tastebuds derived?
Week 10-11 from ectoderm
What are some tongue abnormalities seen in Downs?
Macroglossia and fissuring of the tongue, hypertrophy of lingual papillae
