Palate and Nose

Question 1

What weeks does the face develop?

Answer 1

Weeks 4-8

Question 2

What weeks does the palate develop

Answer 2

Weeks 6-12

Question 3

What are the bones of the face and neck formed from

Answer 3

neural crest cells in head mesenchyme

Question 4

What is endochondral ossification?

Answer 4

mesenchyme to cartilage to bone

• occipital, body of sphenoid, ethmoid, petrous and mastoid parts of temp. (neurocranium)
• ossicles of the ear (viscerocranium)

Question 5

What is intermembanous ossification?

Answer 5

mesenchyme to bone

• parietal, frontal (neurocranium)
• squamous temporal, maxillary, zygomatic (viscerocranium)

Question 6

What is plagiocephaly?

Answer 6

premature closure of the coronal and lambdoid sutures

Question 7

What is oxocephaly/brachycephaly?

Answer 7

premature closure of the coronal sutures

Question 8

What is scaphalocephaly?

Answer 8

premature closure of the saggital sutures (toaster head)

Question 9

What are the primordial from arch one/ CN5?

Answer 9

V1- frontonasal prominence
V2- paired maxillary prominence
V3- paired mandibular prominence
(proliferation of mesenchyme covered by ectoderm.)

Question 10

Describe the medial and lateral nasal prominences and their fusion patterns

Answer 10

Medial nasal prominences fuse in midline to form the nose, the laterals fuse with the medial and the maxillary prominence

Question 11

What are the derivatives of the maxillary and mandibular prominences?

Answer 11

Maxillary- sides of face, lateral palatal shelves, upper lip

Mandibular- Lower jaw

Question 12

What does the inter maxillary segment form?

Answer 12

the philtrum of the upper lip and primary palate

Question 13

Describe frontonasal dysplasia

Answer 13

Median cleft upper lip and palate, cleft skull, widows peak, hypertelorism

Question 14

What is the nasal septum formed from?

Answer 14

the medial nasal prominence and grows down to fuse with the lateral palatine process

Question 15

What is the palate derived from?

Answer 15

Primary palate(small front part of hard) - intermaxillary segment
secondary palate (most of hard and all of soft)- maxillary prominence, lateral paltine processes grow toward midline

Question 16

What structure is created at the meeting of the primary palate and the lateral palatine processes?

Answer 16

incisive foramen

Question 17

What is the composition and next steps of the nasal placodes?

Answer 17

Nasal placode-nasal pits- nasal sacs

Thickening of the surface ectoderm

Question 18

What does the oronasal membrane form?

Answer 18

Since it has no blood supply, it ruptures into the choana

Question 19

Why can CN 1 regenerate?

Answer 19

it is made from surface ectoderm

Question 20

In the unilateral clefts of lip and palate, the course of the cleft passes between what teeth?

Answer 20

Lateral incisors and canines

Question 21

The cleft involving the upper lip and primary hard palate is produced between what two processes?

Answer 21

Medial nasal and maxillary processes

Question 22

What is the anatomical landmark dividing the contributions of the primary and secondary palate?

Answer 22

Incisive foramen

Question 23

The philtrum of the upper lip develops from the:

Answer 23

Medial nasal prominences

Question 24

The major portion of the secondary palate from from:

Answer 24

Lateral palatine processes

Question 25

The inter maxillary segment forms the fusion of the:

Answer 25

Medial nasal promineneces

Question 26

The nasal septum is derived from:

Answer 26

Medial nasal prominence

Question 27

The anterior 2/3 of the tongue develops from the:

Answer 27

Lateral Lingual swellings

Question 28

The muscles of the tongue are innervated by:

Answer 28

hypoglossal N

Question 29

The epithelium covering the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is from:

Answer 29

endoderm

Question 30

The tastebuds on the ant 2/3 of the tongue are innervated by:

Answer 30

facial N

Question 31

The hypobranchial eminence is derived from which arch(s)?

Answer 31

3rd and 4th

Question 32

What is the stomedeum?

Answer 32

The ectodermally lined primitive mouth

Question 33

What separates the stomedeum and pharynx?

Answer 33

Oropharyngeal membrane (buccopharyngeal)

Question 34

What is the boundary of ectoderm/endoderm formation?

Answer 34

Palatine tonsils- ant is ecto, post is endo (also sulcus on tongue)

Question 35

What parts of the mouth are ectoderm?

Answer 35

epithelium of lips, gum, enamel of teeth, epithelium of tongue (1st and 2nd arch)

Question 36

What parts of the mouth are endoderm

Answer 36

Epithelium of posterior (pharyngeal) tongue (3rd arch)

Question 37

What arches form the tongue?

Answer 37

ant 2/3- Arch 1 | Post 1/3- Arch 3

Question 38

How is the tongue formed from the first arch?

Answer 38

Medial tongue bud, but then lateral lingual swellings overrun it (~week 4)

Question 39

How is the tongue formed from the third arch?

Answer 39

the hypobranchial eminence forms the post. tongue

Question 40

What are the muscles/bloodvessels/conn tissue of the tongue derived from?

Answer 40

occipital somites- muscles Mesoderm- blood vessels Conn tissue- NC

Question 41

Where/when are the papillae and tastebuds derived?

Answer 41

Week 10-11 from ectoderm

Question 42

What are some tongue abnormalities seen in Downs?

Answer 42

Macroglossia and fissuring of the tongue, hypertrophy of lingual papillae