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Embryo 2 > Palate and Nose > Flashcards

Palate and Nose Flashcards

1
Q

What weeks does the face develop?

A

Weeks 4-8

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2
Q

What weeks does the palate develop

A

Weeks 6-12

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3
Q

What are the bones of the face and neck formed from

A

neural crest cells in head mesenchyme

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4
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

mesenchyme to cartilage to bone

  • occipital, body of sphenoid, ethmoid, petrous and mastoid parts of temp. (neurocranium)
  • ossicles of the ear (viscerocranium)
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5
Q

What is intermembanous ossification?

A

mesenchyme to bone

  • parietal, frontal (neurocranium)
  • squamous temporal, maxillary, zygomatic (viscerocranium)
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6
Q

What is plagiocephaly?

A

premature closure of the coronal and lambdoid sutures

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7
Q

What is oxocephaly/brachycephaly?

A

premature closure of the coronal sutures

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8
Q

What is scaphalocephaly?

A

premature closure of the saggital sutures (toaster head)

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9
Q

What are the primordial from arch one/ CN5?

A

V1- frontonasal prominence
V2- paired maxillary prominence
V3- paired mandibular prominence
(proliferation of mesenchyme covered by ectoderm.)

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10
Q

Describe the medial and lateral nasal prominences and their fusion patterns

A

Medial nasal prominences fuse in midline to form the nose, the laterals fuse with the medial and the maxillary prominence

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11
Q

What are the derivatives of the maxillary and mandibular prominences?

A

Maxillary- sides of face, lateral palatal shelves, upper lip

Mandibular- Lower jaw

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12
Q

What does the inter maxillary segment form?

A

the philtrum of the upper lip and primary palate

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13
Q

Describe frontonasal dysplasia

A

Median cleft upper lip and palate, cleft skull, widows peak, hypertelorism

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14
Q

What is the nasal septum formed from?

A

the medial nasal prominence and grows down to fuse with the lateral palatine process

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15
Q

What is the palate derived from?

A 
Primary palate(small front part of hard) - intermaxillary segment
secondary palate (most of hard and all of soft)- maxillary prominence, lateral paltine processes grow toward midline
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16
Q

What structure is created at the meeting of the primary palate and the lateral palatine processes?

A

incisive foramen

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17
Q

What is the composition and next steps of the nasal placodes?

A

Nasal placode-nasal pits- nasal sacs

Thickening of the surface ectoderm

18
Q

What does the oronasal membrane form?

A

Since it has no blood supply, it ruptures into the choana

19
Q

Why can CN 1 regenerate?

A

it is made from surface ectoderm

20
Q

In the unilateral clefts of lip and palate, the course of the cleft passes between what teeth?

A

Lateral incisors and canines

21
Q

The cleft involving the upper lip and primary hard palate is produced between what two processes?

A

Medial nasal and maxillary processes

22
Q

What is the anatomical landmark dividing the contributions of the primary and secondary palate?

A

Incisive foramen

23
Q

The philtrum of the upper lip develops from the:

A

Medial nasal prominences

24
Q

The major portion of the secondary palate from from:

A

Lateral palatine processes

25
Q

The inter maxillary segment forms the fusion of the:

A

Medial nasal promineneces

26
Q

The nasal septum is derived from:

A

Medial nasal prominence

27
Q

The anterior 2/3 of the tongue develops from the:

A

Lateral Lingual swellings

28
Q

The muscles of the tongue are innervated by:

A

hypoglossal N

29
Q

The epithelium covering the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is from:

A

endoderm

30
Q

The tastebuds on the ant 2/3 of the tongue are innervated by:

A

facial N

31
Q

The hypobranchial eminence is derived from which arch(s)?

A

3rd and 4th

32
Q

What is the stomedeum?

A

The ectodermally lined primitive mouth

33
Q

What separates the stomedeum and pharynx?

A

Oropharyngeal membrane (buccopharyngeal)

34
Q

What is the boundary of ectoderm/endoderm formation?

A

Palatine tonsils- ant is ecto, post is endo (also sulcus on tongue)

35
Q

What parts of the mouth are ectoderm?

A

epithelium of lips, gum, enamel of teeth, epithelium of tongue (1st and 2nd arch)

36
Q

What parts of the mouth are endoderm

A

Epithelium of posterior (pharyngeal) tongue (3rd arch)

37
Q

What arches form the tongue?

A

ant 2/3- Arch 1

Post 1/3- Arch 3

38
Q

How is the tongue formed from the first arch?

A

Medial tongue bud, but then lateral lingual swellings overrun it (~week 4)

39
Q

How is the tongue formed from the third arch?

A

the hypobranchial eminence forms the post. tongue

40
Q

What are the muscles/bloodvessels/conn tissue of the tongue derived from?

A

occipital somites- muscles
Mesoderm- blood vessels
Conn tissue- NC

41
Q

Where/when are the papillae and tastebuds derived?

A

Week 10-11 from ectoderm

42
Q

What are some tongue abnormalities seen in Downs?

A

Macroglossia and fissuring of the tongue, hypertrophy of lingual papillae

Embryo 2 (4 decks)

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