Palate and Lymph Nodes Flashcards
Identify the the indicated spaces
Identify the different mucosa of the palate
What two structures form the hard palate?
Palatine process of maxilla
horizontal plate of palatine
What two features are indicated by the numbers 1 and 2
What features of the hard palate are indicated by numbers 3, 4, & 5?
What feature is indicated by the number 6
Palatine canal
What are the hard palate features indicated by 7, 8, & 9?
How does the soft palate change anterior to posterior?
What structures are continuous with the soft palate?
Thins posteriorly
continuous with har palate anteriorly and with the oral cavity / pharynx lateral
How does the soft palate move?
What functions does this help the palate do?
Valve (flap) that can be depressed or elevated
breathing, swallowing, and phonation
What is the name for the condition where there is a split in the palate due to the palate’s failure to close?
How frequent is it?
What are the different types?
Cleft palate
1/2,500
Type: uvula, soft palate, softe & hard palate; palates, alveolar, & lips
Provide the name for the following muscles when they are covered in mucosa
- tensor veil palatini
- levator veil palatini
- palatopharyngeus
- palatoglossus
- muculus uvulea
- Salpingopalatine fold
- torus levatorius
- palatopharyngeal fold
- palatoglossal fold
- palatine (uvula)
The tendons of what muscles form the palatine aponeurosis? What purpose does this site serve?
Tensor veli palatini
it serves as the attachment site for other soft palate muscles
The pharyngotympanic tube connects which two structures?
What is the pharyngotympanic tube made of?
Middle ear & nasopharynx
part bone and part cartiledge
What nerve innervates all of the soft palate muscles except one? What is the only muscle not innervated by this nerve? What is it innervated by?
Vagus nerve [X]
tensor veli palatini is innervated by mandibular nerve [V3]
Tensor veli palatini
origination?
insertion?
fold?
function?
- Origination:
- scaphoid fossa,
- spine of sphenoid,
- cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube
- muscular part forms a tendon as it wraps around the pterygoid hamulus and travels medically to form palatine aponeurosis
- Insertion: palatine aponeurosis formed by contralateral tensor veli palatini
- fold: salingopalatine fold
- function:
- tenses (makes firm) soft palate
- opens pharyngotympanic tube during yawning or swallowing
Levator Veli Palatinie
Origin?
path?
Insertion?
fold?
function?
- Origin
- petrous part of temporal bone
- anterior to external opening of carotid canal
- Path
- through fascia of pharyngeal wall, medial to pharyngotympanic tube
- Insertion
- superior surface of palatine aponeurosis, interlacing with contralateral muscle fibers
- Fold
- within torus levatorius
- function
- elevates soft palate (raises flap to close off nasopharynx from oropharynx)
Palatopharyngeus
Origin?
Insertion?
Function?
- Origin
- superior surface of palatine aponeurosis
- posterior border of hard palate
- Insertion
- pharyngeal wall (thyroid cartilage and circular muscles of pharynx)
- Function
- depresses soft palate (closing oral cavity off from pharynx)
- moves pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing
Palatoglossus
Origin?
Insertion?
Function?
- Origin
- inferior surface palatine aponeurosis
- Insertion
- lateral margin of tongue
- Function
- depresses soft palate (closing oral cavity from pharynx)
- moves tongue toward the soft palate during swallowing (elevating the posterior tongue)
Muscular uvulae
Origin?
Path?
Insertion?
Function?
- Origin
- posterior nasal spine of palatine
- Path
- passes over superior surface of palatine aponeurosis to hang from posterior free margin of soft palate
- Insertion
- connective tissue of contralateral musculoskeletal uvulae
- Function
- elevates/retracts uvula, which thickens central part of soft palate (closing opening between nasal- and oropharynx when soft palate is elevated)
What 3 branches of the maxillary nerve provide sensory innervation of the palate?
Describe the path, travel partner, and innervation of each nerve.
- Nasopalatine
- Path: branches from maxillary in pterygopalatine fossa/ through sphenopalatine foramen along nasal septum and into incisive canal
- Travels with: sphenopalatine artery
- innervates: hard palate, nasal septum, palate mucosa, anterior gingiva
- Greater palatine
- Path: branches from maxillary in pterygopalatine fossa/ through palatine canal, then greater palatine foramen
- Travels with: descending palatine and then greater palatine arteries
- innervates: anterior gingiva, mucous membrane and glands of most hard palate
- Lesser palatine
- path: branches from maxillary in pterygopalatine fossa/ through palatine canal and then lesser palatine foramen
- travels with: descending palatine and then lesser palatine arteries
- innervates: mucous membrane and gland of soft palate
Identify the 4 arteries that supply the palate
Identify the path, travel partners and the structures it supplies for each artery
- Sphenopalatine
- path: 3rd part maxillary in pterygopalatine fossa, through sphenopalatine foramen along nasal septum, into incisive canal
- travels with: nasopalatine
- supplies: mucous membrane in nasal cavity and mucous membrane and glands in anterior hard palate
- Descendign palatine artery
- path: 3rd part maxillary in pterygopalatine fossa, through palatine canal and divides into greater and lesser palatine arteries
- travels with: greater and lesser palatine nerves
- supplies: nothing– gives rise to branches that supply
- Greater palatine artery
- path: branch descending palatine in palatine canal, through greater palatine Cala and foramen; anastomoses with sphenopalatine artery
- travels with: grater palatine nerve
- supplies: gingiva, mucous membrane and glands of most hard palate
- Lesser palatine artery
- path: branch descending palatine in palatine canal, through lesser palatine canal and foramen
- travels with: lesser palatine nerve
- supplies: mucous membrane and glands of soft palate
Describe the lymph drainage patter for the head and neck
Identify the groups of the superficial ring and whether they drain to superficial or deep cervical nodes.
Which veins do the superficial and deep cervical nodes run along?
- Occipital (superior unchallenged line of occipital)
- receive: posterior scalp and neck
- mastoid nodes (near mastoid process)
- receive: posterolateral half of scalp
- preauricular nodes (near parotid gland)
- receive: upper half of face, eyelids, cheeks
- submandibular (inferior to mandibular body)
- receive: structures along facial artery, gingiva, tether, and tongue
- submental (inferior and posterior to chin)
- receive: center lower lip, chin, mouth floor, tongue tip & lower incisors
- Superficial cervical: along EJV on superficial surface SCM
- Deep cervical node: along IJV; divided by omohyoid into superior and inferior groups
Which lymph node inflammation could indicate a tonsil infection? Why is this the case?
Jugulodigastric node (most superior of deep cervical nodes)
it receives lymp from the tonsils
