Mouth and Tongue

Question 1

What are the 2 muscles the form the floor of the oral cavity? What are they innervated by? Function?

Answer 1

mylohyoid (nerve to mylohyoid) and geniohyoid (CNXII)

Depress the mandible

Question 2

What is the difference between the oral cavity proper and the oral vestibule?

Answer 2

• oral cavity proper
  
  • space beween upper and lower dental arches
  • mastication
  • lingual manipulation of food
  • oral fissure
• oral vestibule
  
  • slit-like space between teeth and gingivae (gums)

Question 3

Does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity proper or the oral vestibule?

What tooth does it open near?

Answer 3

oral vestibule

opposite crown of upper 2nd molar tooth

Question 4

Why is infection of the floor of the mouth life threatening?

What is the name for this typ eof infection?

After what type of procedure does this most often occur?

Answer 4

tongue swelling so much that it can block the airwys

Ludwig Angina

tooth extraction

Question 5

Identify the indicated features of the mandible

Answer 5

Question 6

Identify the indicated features from the medial/sagital view of the mandible

Answer 6

Question 7

Identify the indicated features of the lips

Answer 7

unlabeled: nasolabial sulcus

Question 8

What arteries supply the lips? nerves? lymphatic drainage pattern?

Answer 8

• vasculature
  
  • superior and inferior labial arteries
• Innervation
  
  • upper lip: superior labial branches of infraorbital nerves (CNV2)
  • lower lip: inferior labial branches of the mental nerves (CNV3)
• Lymphatics
  
  • upper lip/lateral parts: submandibular lymph nodes
  • medial/lower lip: submental lymph nodes

Question 9

What is the name for the mucous fold that connects the lips to the gums?

is the inferior or the superior longer?

Answer 9

labial frenulum

the superior is longer than the inferior

Question 10

What myofascial components make up the cheek? What arteries supply the cheek? nerves? lymphatic drainage?

Answer 10

• buccinator and buccal fat
• vasculature
  
  • buccal branches of maxillary artery
• lymphatics
  
  • submandibular, preauricular, buccal and mandibular
• innervation
  
  • buccal branches of mandibular nerve (sensory)

Question 11

How are the gums named?

When the face the lips?

When the face the cheeks?

When they face the tongue?

Answer 11

labial gingiva

buccal gingiva

lingual gingiva

Question 12

Identify the indicated features of the tooth

What is the typical number of adult teeth?

How are they numbered?

Answer 12

32

16 upper and 16 lower

third molar on upper right (far back tooth) is #1, numbered across the top the the left 3rd molar, then #17 is the third left lower molar, and the numbering continues across the bottom of the teeth, with #32 being the 3rd molar on the bottom right

Question 13

Identify the type of teeth indicated by the diagram

What does “occlusion surface” mean?

What is a contact surface?

Answer 13

occlusion means “where grinding happens”

A contact surface is where one tooth contacts another tooth

Question 14

Identify the nerve branches innervating the oral cavity

Answer 14

Question 15

Identify the nerves the innervate the teeth and gingivae of the superior portion of the oral cavity

Answer 15

Question 16

Identify the nerves that innervate the teeth and gums of the inferior oral cavity

Answer 16

Question 17

What condition can be confused with sinusitis? Why does this happen? What is the nerve distribution?

Answer 17

Abscess of maxillary teeth

due to close proximity to maxillary sinus

maxillary nerve distribution

Question 18

What parent artery supplies all of the oral cavity?

Describe the route of venous drainage from the

Answer 18

The maxillary artery supplies the oral cavity: posterior superior alveolar and inferior alveolar

Venous drainage: drain into pterygoid, the into internal jugular

Question 19

What is the name of the feature of the tongue that divide it into anterior 2/3 and posteior 1/3? What separates these features?

What is the name of the tip of the antior tongue?

Answer 19

body and root; separated by terminal sulcus

apex

Question 20

What is the function of the lingual papillae?

Which type are innervated differently from the rest?

Are papillae present on the entire tongue?

Answer 20

increase surface area and carry taste buds

vallate lingual papillae

there are no papillae on the root of the tongue

Question 21

identify the indicated features of the tongue and associated structures

Answer 21

Question 22

The sublingual papilla is the opening to what duct?

Answer 22

the submandibular

Question 23

Identify the indicated features of the inderside of the tongue

Answer 23

Question 24

What is the name of the condition where the lingual frenulum is too thick?

What is the treatment for this condition?

Answer 24

the lingual frenulum is too thick

the tongue appears notched or heart shaped when stuck out

this can cause problems wtih breast-feeding, speech impairment, and oral hygeine

treatment: frenotomy or frenuloplasty

Question 25

What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

What are the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

What nerve are they innervated by? What is the exception?

Answer 25

• extrinsic (gross movements)
  
  • genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus and palatoglossus
• intrinsic (shape of tongue)
  
  • superior and inferior longitudinal, transverse and verticla groups
• Innervation
  
  • hypoglossal (w/ lesion, tongue leans toward affected side)
  • EXCEPT: palatoglossus is innervated by vagus nerve

Question 26

Identify the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 26

Question 27

If you are not comfortable with this, pick a muscle and write it down

Question 28

What extrinsic tongue muscles perform the following actions?

Answer 28

• Protrusion
  
  • genioglossus (both sides acting together)
• Retraction
  
  • styloglossus (both sides acting together)
  • hyoglossus (both sides acting together)
• Depression
  
  • Hyoglossus (both sides acting together)
• Retraction and elevation of posterior third
  
  • styloglossus (both sides acting together)
  • palatoglossus (both sides acting together)
• Shape change
  
  • intrinsic muscles

Question 29

Identify the indicated intrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 29

Question 30

Identify the function of the following intrinsice tongue muscles:

superio longitudinal

inferior longitudinal

transverse

vertical

Answer 30

• superior longitudinal
  
  • curls tongue longitudinally upward, elevate apex, shortens (retrudes) tongue
• inferior longitudinal
  
  • curls tongue longitudinally downward, depressing apex, shortens (retrudes) tongue
• transverse
  
  • narrows adn elongates (protrudes) tongue
• vertical
  
  • flattens and broadens tongue

Question 31

Identify the regions of innervation of the tongue

Answer 31

Question 32

Identify the arterial branches that supply the tongue

Answer 32

Question 33

Identify the branches of veins that drain the tongue.

What is the clinical importance of these veins?

Answer 33

these are important for sublingual administration of drugs

Question 34

What is the relationship of the following structures to the hyoglossus?

lingual artery

CNXII

lingual nerve

submandibular ganglion

Hypoglossal nerve

glossophyaryngeal nerve

Answer 34

• lingual arery passes depe to hyoglossus
• CNXII and lingual nerve (and submandibular ganglion) pass over it
• Hypoglossal nerve is inferior
• glossophyaryngeal is posterior

Question 35

Identify the lymphatic drainage patters for the 4 aspects of the tongue

1. Root
2. Body, medial part
3. Body, right and left lateal parts
4. Apex and frenulum

Answer 35

1. Root
   
   1. superior deep cervical (bilaterally)
2. Body, medial part
   
   1. inferior deep cervical
3. Body, right and left lateal parts
   
   1. submandibular (ipsilaterally)
4. Apex and frenulum
   
   1. submental

Question 36

the lingual nerve loops around what structure?

Answer 36

the submandibular duct

Question 37

Identify the salivaty glands that supply the oral cavity

Answer 37