Pakiri

Question 1

How much of Auckland’s sand from Pakiri coastline

Answer 1

1/2

Question 2

What has meant that there is more sand needed in Auckland

Answer 2

It is needed for concrete for Auckland’s contruction boom of $9.5 million

Question 3

Auckland importance, so needs sand

Answer 3

2.3 million visitors per year - sand for tourist beaches, 35% of NZ GDP

Question 4

significance of sand mining in Pakiri

Answer 4

Largest single nearshore sand mining activity in the developed world

Question 5

Sand extraction rates 1994-2004

Answer 5

165,000m3/yr between Pakiri and Mangawhai

Question 6

What happened in 2005

Answer 6

Sand mining stopped at Mangawhai

Question 7

Sand extraction rates now at Pakiri

Answer 7

75,000m3/yr

Question 8

Source of sand - shows significance of extraction

Answer 8

Sand was mostly from offshore, deposited over last 9000 years

Question 9

Ratio of inputs to outputs due to sand mining

Answer 9

1:5

Question 10

Impacts on Mangawhai

Answer 10

Decreased sediment budget due to decreased inputs from LSD (S to N) and increased erosion caused the base of Mangawhai spit to be breached by 28m in 1978 during a storm - caused sedimentation of the harbour

Question 11

Impacts on Te Arai Point

Answer 11

Increased erosion of beaches causes sand to slide off dunes to fill gaps on beaches

Question 12

Impacts on Pakiri

Answer 12

Increased erosion is shrinking sediment budget, so is sand mining large outputs of coastal system. Beach has become wider and flatter - less effective at absorbing waves, coastal retreat likely to reach 35m by 2100

Question 13

Impact on Dune habitats since 1900

Answer 13

Dune habitats have decreased by 1/3