Paired Bones

Question 1

What does flexion and extension look like in terms of the head?

Answer 1

• Flexion –> head gets shorter and wider

- Extension –> head gets longer and narrower

Question 2

How is torsion named?

Answer 2

• For the higher greater wing of sphenoid

Question 3

What is the axis for torsions?

Answer 3

• One sagittal axis (anterior to posterior)

Question 4

How does the occiput move in relation to the sphenoid in torsion?

Answer 4

• In opposite directions about this axis

Question 5

What are the palpatory findings in torsion?

Answer 5

• 1st finger and fifth finger of same hand move superiorly while the other hand moves inferiorly

Question 6

How is sidebending rotation named?

Answer 6

• Convexity developed in the cranium

Question 7

What are the axes in sidebending rotation?

Answer 7

• One sagittal axis (ant-post)

- Two axes are vertical (sup-inf)

Question 8

What is motion like on the axes in sidebending rotation?

Answer 8

1. Motion happens in the same direction about the sagittal (in terms of occiput and sphenoid)
2. Motion happens in opposite directions on the vertical axes (in terms of occiput and sphenoid)

Question 9

What are the palpatory findings in sidebending rotation?

Answer 9

**Named for the side that feels “fuller” **

• 1st finger and fifth finger of same hand move away from each other
• Opposite side “shrinks” or index and pinky come together

Question 10

How are vertical strains named?

Answer 10

• Direction of the base of the sphenoid

Question 11

What are the axes in a vertical strain?

Answer 11

• Two parallel axes

- Transverse

Question 12

What is the motion like in vertical strains?

Answer 12

• Motion happens in the same direction about the axes
• *Superior –> both bones rotate anteriorly (forward)**
• *Inferior –> both bones rotate posteriorly (backward)**

Question 13

What are the palpatory findings in a vertical strain?

Answer 13

• Superior –> Index moves away from doc whilst pinky moves towards doc
• Inferior –> Index moves towards doc whilst pinky moves away from doc

Question 14

How are lateral strains named?

Answer 14

• Direction of the base of the sphenoid

* *Named where the pinkies go**

Question 15

What are the axes in lateral strains?

Answer 15

• Two parallel axes

- Vertical

Question 16

What is the motion like in lateral strains?

Answer 16

• Happens in the same direction on the axes

Question 17

What are the palpatory findings in lateral strains?

Answer 17

• Index moves in opposite direction from fifth fingers

Question 18

How does SBS flexion affect the sacrum?

Answer 18

• Causes counternutation or moving the sacral base posteriorly (sacral extension)

Question 19

How does SBS extension affect the sacrum?

Answer 19

• Causes nutation or moving the sacral base anteriorly (sacral flexion)