Cranial Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Who founded cranial osteopathy? When?

A
  • William Sutherland in 1939
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2
Q

What are the five anatomical-physiological elements of the primary respiratory mechanism (PRM)?

A
  1. The inherent motility of the brain and spinal cord
  2. Fluctuation of CSF
  3. Mobility of the intracranial and intraspinal membranes
  4. Articular mobility of the cranial bones
  5. Mobility of the sacrum between the ilia that is interdependent with the motion of the SBS
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3
Q

What are some indications for craniosacral treatments?

A
  • Feeding difficulties
  • Plagiocephaly
  • Torticollis
  • Vertigo
  • HA, orofacial pain, otitis media, sinusitis, TMJ, tinnitus
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4
Q

What are some side effects of craniosacral treatments?

A
  • HA, tinnitus, or dizziness

- Alteration to HR, BP, respiration, and GI irritability

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5
Q

What are the absolute contraindications of craniosacral treatment?

A
  • Acute intracranial bleed or CVA

- Acute skull fracture

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6
Q

What are some relative contraindications of craniosacral treatment?

A
  • Coagulopathy
  • Seizure history
  • Increased intracranial pressure
  • Care must be used in order not to exacerbate any neurologic condition
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7
Q

What is the driving push from CSF expansion?

A
  • Cranial rhythmic impulse (CRI)
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8
Q

What is RRADS?

A
  • Rate
  • Rhythm
  • Amplitude
  • Direction
  • Strength
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9
Q

What is the normal rate of the CRI?

A
  • 10-14 bpm

* * May be 8-12**

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10
Q

What is the rhythm of the CRI?

A
  • Palpated as “regular”, like the tide of the ocean

- Irregularities are hard to determine

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11
Q

What is the direction of the CRI?

A
  • Palpated as linear and symmetric
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12
Q

What do the tentorium and the falx create?

A
  • Reciprocal tension membrane (RTM)
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13
Q

What is the RTM?

A
  • Functioning unit
  • Holding bones of the vault and base under constant tension
  • Acts as a spring, storing energy in flexion and releasing in extension
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14
Q

What significantly impacts the PRM?

A
  • Fascial mobility and continuity
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15
Q

What are some fascial layers that impact the PRM?

A
  1. Pannicular fascia
  2. Axial and appendicular fascia
  3. Meningeal fascia
  4. Visceral fascia
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16
Q

What is the axial and appendicular fascia?

A
  • Continuous fascia
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17
Q

What occurs in SBS flexion?

A
  • SBS rises superiorly as the distance decreases between the inferior angle of the sphenoid and occiput
  • Head will widen and decrease its AP diameter
18
Q

What happens to the SBS in cranial inhalation and exhalation?

A
  • Inhalation = flexion

- Exhalation = extension

19
Q

What occurs in SBS extension?

A
  • SBS moves inferiorly as the distance increases between the inferior angle of the sphenoid and occiput
  • Head gets tall and narrow
20
Q

How do the wings of the sphenoid in SBS flexion?

A
  • Inferiorly and anteriorly
21
Q

How do the wings of the sphenoid in SBS extension?

A
  • Superiorly and posteriorly
22
Q

How does the sacrum move in cranial flexion?

A
  • Superior movement of the occiput creates traction on the dura
  • Counternutation –> SBS flexion (sacral extension)
  • Base moves posterosuperior and apex moves anterior
23
Q

How does the sacrum move in cranial extension?

A
  • Tension on dura is relaxed
  • Nutation –> SBS extension (sacral flexion)
  • Sacrum base moves anteroinferior and apex moves posterior
24
Q

How do midline bones move?

A
  • In flexion and extension
25
Q

What axis do midline bones move on?

A
  • Transverse axis in an anterior/posterior direction
26
Q

How do paired bones move?

A
  • External rotation in FLEXION
  • Internal rotation in EXTENSION

E.g. Extension = IR –> temporal articulation moves medially

27
Q

How do to temporal bones move?

A
  • ER –> Flexion

- IR –> Extension

28
Q

How does the frontal bone move?

A
  • Flexes as if 2 bones –> metopic has hinge action
29
Q

What is the plane and axis of the frontal bone?

A
  • Horizontal plane

- Vertical axis

30
Q

What is ER of the frontal bone?

A
  • Lateral portion moves anterior/lateral and slightly inferior
  • Glabella moves posterior
31
Q

What is IR of the frontal bone?

A
  • Lateral side moves posterior/medial and slight superior

- Glabella moves antieror

32
Q

How does the ethmoid bone move?

A
  • Flexion –> perpendicular plate is rotated by the sphenoid around transverse axis which swings crista galli superior and posterior
  • Extension –> perpendicular plate is rotated by the sphenoid around transverse axis which swings crista galli anterior and inferior
33
Q

What does vomer motion do?

A
  • Drives palatines and maxillaries

Follows sphenoid like the beak of a winged bird

34
Q

How does the vomer move?

A
  • Flexion –> wide flat palate

- Extension –> narrow tall palate

35
Q

What CN goes through the optic canal?

A
  • Optic –> 2
36
Q

What CN goes through the superior orbital fissure?

A
  • 3
  • 4
  • V1
  • 6
37
Q

What CN goes through the foramen rotundem?

A
  • V2
38
Q

What CN goes through the foramen ovale?

A
  • V3
39
Q

What CN goes through the internal acoustic meatus?

A
  • 7

- 8

40
Q

What CN goes through the jugular foramen?

A
  • 9
  • 10
  • 11
41
Q

What CN goes through the hypoglossal canal?

A
  • 12