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Y4 Eyes > Painless Visual Loss > Flashcards

Painless Visual Loss Flashcards

1
Q

what are some risk factors for central vein occlusion ?

A

age
hypertension
glaucoma
DM

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2
Q

what are three common causes of vitreous haemorrhage ?

A

proliferative diabetic retinopathy
retinal tears
disci form macular degeneration

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3
Q

what are some causes of retinal detachments (also rare causes)

A 
myopia 
trauma 
family history 
cataract surgery 
intraocular tumours 
intraocular inflammation 
vitreal degeneration
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4
Q

what technique is used for cataract surgery ?

A

phacoemulsification with intraocular lens

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5
Q

what are risk factors for age related macular degeneration ?

A

age
smoking
poor diet

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6
Q

what is the presentation of age related macular degeneration ?

A

painless progressive loss of central vision
metamorphopsia
scotoma

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7
Q

what are the two types of macular degeneration ?

A

wet

dry

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8
Q

what is the treatment for dry macular degeneration ?

A

nothing

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9
Q

what is seen on the retina with dry macular degeneration ?

A

atrophy RPE

drusen deposits

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10
Q

what is seen on the retina with wet macular degeneration ?

A

choroidal neovascular membrane leaks in retina detaching photoreceptors

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11
Q

what is the treatment for wet macular degeneration ?

A

anti VEGF

  • lucentis
  • avastin
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12
Q

what is seen on diabetic retinopathy retina ?

A 
Micro aneurysms
Retinal haemorrhages
Exudate
Macular oedema
Cotton wool spots
IRMA (intraretinal microvascular abnormality)
Abnormal new vessels growth
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13
Q

what is seen on the retinal with Background diabetic retinopathy?

A

dot and blot haemorrhages

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14
Q

what is seen on the retinal with Pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

A

cotton wool spots

IRMA

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15
Q

what is seen on the retinal with proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

A

new vessels

tractional retinal detachment

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16
Q

what is seen on the retinal with diabetic macular oedema ?

A

exudates
haemorrhage
retinal thickening

17
Q

what are the changes seen in thyroid eye disease?

A

lid retraction, proptosis, corneal exposure, reduced ocular movement, diplopia, optic nerve compression

18
Q

what causes the changes seen in thyroid eye disease?

A

Swelling of extraocular muscles and orbital tissues due to increased fibroblastic activity in these tissues

19
Q

what could cause bitemporal hemianopia?

A

pituitary tumour

meningoma

20
Q

what could cause homonymous hemianopia ?

A

stroke

SOL

21
Q

what investigation should be done for CN 3 palsy ?

A

CT angiogram

22
Q

what aneurysm is associated with CN3 palsy ?

A

posterior communicating artery aneurysm

23
Q

what is anterior uveitis associated with ?

A

ankylosing spondylitis

sarcoidosis

24
Q

what three Cs things should be said about the optic disc when describing it?

A

3Cs “colour”, “contour”, “cup/disc ratio”

Y4 Eyes (3 decks)

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