Painless Visual Loss Flashcards
what are some risk factors for central vein occlusion ?
age
hypertension
glaucoma
DM
what are three common causes of vitreous haemorrhage ?
proliferative diabetic retinopathy
retinal tears
disci form macular degeneration
what are some causes of retinal detachments (also rare causes)
myopia trauma family history cataract surgery intraocular tumours intraocular inflammation vitreal degeneration
what technique is used for cataract surgery ?
phacoemulsification with intraocular lens
what are risk factors for age related macular degeneration ?
age
smoking
poor diet
what is the presentation of age related macular degeneration ?
painless progressive loss of central vision
metamorphopsia
scotoma
what are the two types of macular degeneration ?
wet
dry
what is the treatment for dry macular degeneration ?
nothing
what is seen on the retina with dry macular degeneration ?
atrophy RPE
drusen deposits
what is seen on the retina with wet macular degeneration ?
choroidal neovascular membrane leaks in retina detaching photoreceptors
what is the treatment for wet macular degeneration ?
anti VEGF
- lucentis
- avastin
what is seen on diabetic retinopathy retina ?
Micro aneurysms Retinal haemorrhages Exudate Macular oedema Cotton wool spots IRMA (intraretinal microvascular abnormality) Abnormal new vessels growth
what is seen on the retinal with Background diabetic retinopathy?
dot and blot haemorrhages
what is seen on the retinal with Pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
cotton wool spots
IRMA
what is seen on the retinal with proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
new vessels
tractional retinal detachment
what is seen on the retinal with diabetic macular oedema ?
exudates
haemorrhage
retinal thickening
what are the changes seen in thyroid eye disease?
lid retraction, proptosis, corneal exposure, reduced ocular movement, diplopia, optic nerve compression
what causes the changes seen in thyroid eye disease?
Swelling of extraocular muscles and orbital tissues due to increased fibroblastic activity in these tissues
what could cause bitemporal hemianopia?
pituitary tumour
meningoma
what could cause homonymous hemianopia ?
stroke
SOL
what investigation should be done for CN 3 palsy ?
CT angiogram
what aneurysm is associated with CN3 palsy ?
posterior communicating artery aneurysm
what is anterior uveitis associated with ?
ankylosing spondylitis
sarcoidosis
what three Cs things should be said about the optic disc when describing it?
3Cs “colour”, “contour”, “cup/disc ratio”
