Pain Terms

Question 1

What is an unpleasant sesory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage called?

Answer 1

Pain

Question 2

What is the absense of all sensory modalities called?

Answer 2

Anesthesia

Question 3

What is the absence of pain in repsonse to a stimulus that is normall painful called?

Answer 3

Analgesia

Question 4

What are endorphins?

Answer 4

Mainly concentrated in the central nervous system, activates opioid receptors, provides analgesia, eupohoria at MU receptor

Question 5

What are Enkephalins?

Answer 5

(Greek - in the head)

First endorphin to be purified, activates delta receptor

Question 6

What has a high affinity for kappa-opioid receptors?

Answer 6

Dynorphins

Question 7

What type of pain are NSAIDS more effective against?

Answer 7

Dull, aching, inflammatory (Mild & Moderate) pain

Question 8

What type of pain are opiates (narcotics) most effetive against?

Answer 8

Sharp, piercing, lancinations (severe) pain

Question 9

Where do non-opioid analgesics act and what is their mechanism?

Answer 9

Act primarily at peripheral nerve endings

Mechanism - inhibits prostalgandin synthesis

Question 10

Where do opioid analgesics act and what is their mechanism?

Answer 10

Act primarily within the CNS

Mechanism - depress the CNS which reduces response to pain (pain reaction)

Question 11

What are the “true” analgesics?

Answer 11

NSAIDS - they stop the pain from where it is coming, where opiates diminish your awarness of pain, so they only act as analgesics

Question 12

What are the non-opioid analgesics?

Answer 12

• Salicylates - aspirin
• NSAIDS (ibuprofen, 22 total)
• acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Question 13

What is classified as a “miscellaneous” analgesic? And what does it work on?

Answer 13

acetaminophen - works on COX3 in the CNS, and is not anti-inflammatory

Question 14

What are some major functions of COX1?

Answer 14

Formation of cytoprotective prostaglandins and prostaglandins associated with inflammation.

Regulates the amount of stomach acid produced - which is why aspirin or NSAIDS can cause GU bleeding (they decrease the ctyoprotective prostaglandins)

Question 15

What are some important characteristics of COX2?

Answer 15

• Produced when you experience trauma and need inflammatory response for healing
• Drugs that block COX2 are primarily used for arthritis
• No effect on the stomach
• Celebrex

Question 16

What’s important about COX3?

Answer 16

• Works in the central nervous system
• Suppresses prostaglandin synthesis
• No anti-inflammatory effects
• acetaminophen works this way

Question 17

How do we categorize NSAIDS?

Answer 17

Non-selective vs Selective

Question 18

What’s the difference between non-selective and selective NSAIDS?

Answer 18

• Non-selectives - block both COX-1, and COX-2
  
  • Most NSAIDS in use today
• Selectives - block COX-2 only
  
  • Only one available - Celebrex