Pain, temp, and GTOs Flashcards

1
Q

what do free nerve endings respond to

A

pain

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2
Q

what are type of receptor are nociceptors and what do they respond to

A

free nerve endings - detect tissue damage

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3
Q

how are thermoreceptors activated

A

lipid is present in the closed channel

heat activates the channel and the lipid is lost
==
channel opens and ions can flow in

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4
Q

how do thermoreceptors and nociceptors respond to heat

A

thermoreceptors are active at lower temps but max out around 40-45deg (can’t tell a difference in warmth past here)

nociceptors only become active when the heat becomes tissue damaging (only way to tell somehting is hotter is that we’re getting more tissue damage)

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5
Q

what is capsaicin

A

lipid based molecule that is able to pass through the cell membrane

  • makes spicy food “hot”
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6
Q

how does capsaicin work

A

causes vasodilation at the surface to dissipate the “heat” that’s being detected by thermoreceptors

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7
Q

what type of afferent innervates GTOs

A

type Ib afferent

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8
Q

what are GTOs the most sensitive to

A

active force production

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9
Q

why aren’t GTOs as sensitive to passive stretch (2N of passive needed vs 30-90 mN active needed)

A

passive stretch doesn’t put as much force on the tendon because the muscel will stretch first

  • in active contraction, muscle fibres increase in stiffness and therefore the tendon stretches faster wtih less force
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10
Q

what is the GTO response during passive movement

A

very low discharge rate - low EMG activity
external force used to maintain motion

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11
Q

what is the GTO response during active movement

A

high discharge rate - high EMG activity
more active force = more GTO firing

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12
Q

what is the relationship between GTO discharge rate and force

A

linear relationship

  • as force increases - GTO discharge rate increases
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