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Physical Agents > Pain Modulation > Flashcards

Pain Modulation Flashcards

1
Q

two types of nociceptive pain?

A

somatic and autonomic

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2
Q

two types of neuropathic pain?

A

peripheral and central

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3
Q

pain that originates from nonorganic sources. Associated with emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses.

A

psychogenic pain

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4
Q

list the four categories of pain

A

nociceptive, neuropathic, psychogenic, carcinogenic

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5
Q

type of pain that is time limited

A

acute

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6
Q

type of pain that is associated with increased sympathetic activity

A

acute

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7
Q

type of pain associated with rapidly conducting pathways

A

acute

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8
Q

type of pain that is most likely localized

A

acute

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9
Q

type of pain that only exists as long as the noxious stimuli persists

A

acute

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10
Q

define chronic pain

A

long-term pain lasting more than 12 weeks or beyond the expected healing time for the particular pathology

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11
Q

type of pain that lasts several months to years

A

chronic

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12
Q

type of pain that has a history of many symptom treatment failures

A

chronic

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13
Q

type of pain that is unbearable and incapacitating with multiple attempts to find the right treatment

A

chronic

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14
Q

type of pain that elects increased sensitivity to both noxious and non noxious stimuli

A

chronic

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15
Q

define referred pain

A

pain felt at a location other than its source

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16
Q

why does referred pain occur

A

peripheral nerve pathways converge on the same area of the spinal cord due to embryonic development. brain learns that musculoskeletal pathologies are more common so it may refer pain. for example, during a heart attack the brain is not used to such strong signals from the heart so it interprets it at chest and left arm pain.

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17
Q

name the four types of mechano receptors

A

meissner’s corpuscles, pacinian corpuscles, merkle cells, and ruffini endings

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18
Q

name the 7 types of superficial peripheral sensory receptors

A

meissener’s corpuscles, pacinian corpuscles, merle cells, ruffini endings (MECHANO) cold and hot receptors (THERMO), and free nerve endings for nociception

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19
Q

name the four types of deep peripheral sensory receptors

A

golgi tendon organs, pacinian corpuscles, ruffini endings (proprio), free nerve endings (nociceptors)

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20
Q

nerve pathway in which the neuron has its cell body outside the spinal column in the dorsal root ganglion

A

afferent nerve pathway

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21
Q

afferent fiber, 6-12 micrometers in diameter, myelinated, transmits impulses at >30 /sec

A

A beta

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22
Q

afferent fiber, 1-6 micrometer in dimeter, myelinated and transmits impulses at up to 30 m/sec

A

A delta

23
Q

type of afferent fiber, 1mm thick non-myelinated transmits impulses at 1-4 m/sec

A

C fibers

24
Q

what information do alpha beta afferent fibers transmit

A

touch, vibration

25
Q

what information do alpha delta afferent fibers transmit

A

touch, temp, pressure and pain

26
Q

where are c fibers located and what information do they transmit

A

located in the muscles and skin and transmit pain, touch, pressure, and temperature

27
Q

alpha beta fiber characteristics (4)

A

originate from mechanoceptors, sense touch and vibration, are late myelinated and fast conducting, have a low stimulation threshold

28
Q

alpha delta fiber characteristics (5)

A

originate from warm/cold receptors, few hair follicles, and free nerve endings. sense noxious mechanical stimulus (pinching, pricking, crushing). may transmit non-noxious stimulus as well. large and myelinated but slower than A beta

29
Q

characteristic of A-delta fibers (4)

A

quick onset short duration, well localized to area of injury, not involved with an emotional response, cannot be blocked by opiates

30
Q

80% of afferent danger transmitting fibers

A

c-fibers

31
Q

group 3 afferents

A

a-delta

32
Q

group 4 afferents

A

c-fibers

33
Q

result in sensation felt as dull, throbbing, burning, aching

A

c-fibers

34
Q

type of fiber with slow onset after initial stimulus

A

c-fibers

35
Q

fibers that transmit long lasting pain that is emotionally difficult to tolerate

A

c fibers

36
Q

fibers that transmit diffusely localized pain

A

c-fibers

37
Q

type of fibers that are reduced by opiates or blocked by opiate antagonist naloxone

A

c-fibers

38
Q

type of fibers that ascend in lateral spinothalamic tract and synapse with 3rd order neurons in the thalamus. relay info to somatosensory cortex in post central gyrus

A

a-delta fibers

39
Q

type of fibers that ascend in the anterior spinothalamic tract and synapse in reticular formation and intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus. relay info to the association cortex

A

c-fibers

40
Q

central transmission tract that is the primary nociceptive pathway-transmits type/location of pain

A

spinothalamic tract

41
Q

central transmission tract that transmits motivational, emotional, and unpleasant aspect of pain

A

spinoreticular tract

42
Q

central transmission tract that sensorimotor integration of pain

A

spinomesencephalic tract

43
Q

central transmission tract that is a limbic tract, autonomic responses associated with pain

A

spinohypothalamic tract

44
Q

sub-cortical center that mediates motor autonomic, and sensory functions

A

reticular formation

45
Q

sub-cortical center that directs descending inhibition

A

periaqueductal gray

46
Q

type of sub-cortical center that controls endocrine functions and vegetative state

A

hypothalamus

47
Q

master gland for the endocrine system that is part of the sub-cortical center

A

pituitary gland

48
Q

association cortex

A

responsible for affect that is associated with danger signals. appraises the danger and results in pain tolerance

49
Q

theory that states that the sensation of pain depends upon the stimulation of specific nerve endings that are specialized for that sensation

A

specificity theory (Von Frey)

50
Q

theory that states that the sensation of pain results from appropriate intensity or frequency of stimulation of receptors that also respond to other stimuli like touch, pressure, and temperature

A

pattern theory

51
Q

control pain by binding with specific opiate receptors in the nervous system

A

opiopeptins

52
Q

theory that states: pain is multidimensional experience. produced by characteristic patterns of nerve impulses generated by widely distributed nerve networks in the brain

A

neuromatrix theory

53
Q

define allodynia

A

that which did not hurt, now does

Physical Agents (4 decks)

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