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Physical Agents > Inflammation and the Healing Process > Flashcards

Inflammation and the Healing Process Flashcards

1
Q

macrotrauma

A

large injury that results in failure of musculoskeletal structures

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2
Q

microtrauma

A

overuse, cyclic loading, friction injuries. Small stresses that cause injury over time.

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3
Q

immediate swelling is due to what physiological process?

A

hemorrhaging

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4
Q

edema

A

a collection of fluid in interstitial space

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5
Q

swelling over time is due to what physiological process?

A

edema

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6
Q

secondary injury

A

healthy cells that were not damaged during the initial injury are now damaged and/or dying

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7
Q

inflammation

A

a coordinated, complex, and dynamic series of events that develops as a result of trauma or injury to VASCULAR tissue

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8
Q

what is the purpose of inflammation?

A

promotes the tissues ability to heal

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9
Q

what are the five cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function

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10
Q

increased vascularity causes what cardinal sign(s) of inflammation?

A

heat and redness

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11
Q

blockage of lymphatic drainage causes what cardinal sign(s) of inflammation

A

swelling

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12
Q

physical pressure and/or irritation causes what cardinal sign(s) of inflammation

A

pain

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13
Q

pain and swelling causes what cardinal sign(s) of inflammation

A

loss of function

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14
Q

time period for hemostasis phase?

A

immediate sec/min

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15
Q

time period for inflammatory phase

A

1-6 days

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16
Q

another 2 names for the inflammatory phase of tissue repair?

A

acute stage/ protective phase

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17
Q

time period for the proliferation phase?

A

3-20 days

18
Q

another 2 names for the proliferation phase

A

subacute stage/controlled motion phase

19
Q

time period for maturation phase

A

9 days +

20
Q

another 2 names for the maturation phase

A

chronic stage/return to function phase

21
Q

why do the proliferation and maturation phase time periods overlap?

A

different tissues heal at different rates. for example, a tendon could be in the proliferation phase whereas the skin could be in the maturation phase

22
Q

what occurs in the hemostasis phase (3 things)

A

stops the leak, vasoconstriction of blood vessels (vascular response), controls blood loss (hemostatic response)

23
Q

characteristics of what phase of healing?: vascular changes, exudate of cells and chemicals, clot formation, phagocytosis, neutralization of irritants, early fibroblastic activity

A

inflammatory phase

24
Q

clinical signs of the inflammatory phase? (3)

A

inflammation, pain before resistance (empty end feel), tender to palpation

25
Q

why do non-injured vessels dilate in the area of trauma during the inflammation phase

A

non-injured vessels dilate to transport more nutrients to the injured area

26
Q

term for cells squeezing through vessel walls

A

diapedesis

27
Q

term for leukocytes moving from outside to inside a blood vessel

A

extravasation

28
Q

term for blood vessels migrating to perivascular tissue

A

emigration

29
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure exerted by a column of water

30
Q

osmotic pressure

A

pressure resulting from attraction of fluid by free proteins

31
Q

cellular response to injury during the first 24 hours? (3 cells)

A

neutrophils: phagocytosis and release proteolytic enzymes
basophils: release histamine, which contributes to vascular permeability
eosinophils: phagocytosis

32
Q

two cells that arrive within 24-48 hours post-trauma?

A

monocytes: convert into macrophages
lymphocytes: supply antibodies

33
Q

characteristics of what phase of healing?: removal of noxious stimuli, growth of capillary beds into area, collagen formation, granulation tissue formation, very fragile, easily injured tissue

A

proliferation phase

34
Q

days for wound closure in muscle and skin?

A

5-8

35
Q

days for wound closure in tendons and ligaments?

A

3-6 weeks

36
Q

characteristics of what phase of healing? : maturation of connective tissue, contracture of scar tissue, remodeling of scar, collagen aligns to stress

A

maturation phase

37
Q

scar attempts to mimic characteristic of injured tissue? (theory)

A

induction theory

38
Q

internal and external stresses applied during maturation phase determine final tissue structure? (theory)

A

tension theory

39
Q

the simultaneous progression of active inflammation, tissue destruction, and healing

A

chronic inflammation

40
Q

restarting the acute process before the previous episode has finished

A

recurring inflammation

41
Q

restoration of tissue that is identical to injured tissue

A

regeneration

42
Q

healing mechanism that involves scar formation and the return of structural and functional properties of the injured tissue, however, not identical to the injured tissue

A

repair

Physical Agents (4 decks)

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