Pain Meds Flashcards
Butorphanol (Stadol)
Name/Class: BUTORPHANOL (Stadol)/Synthetic Narcotic Analgesic
Description: Butorphanol is a centrally acting synthetic narcotic analgesic about 5 times more potent than morphine. A schedule IV narcotic.
Indications: Moderate to severe pain.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, head injury, or undiagnosed abdominal pain.
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Name/Class: FENTANYL (Sublimaze)/Narcotic Analgesic
Description: Fentanyl is a potent synthetic narcotic analgesic similar to morphine and meperidine but with a more rapid and less-prolonged action.
Indications: Induce sedation for endotracheal intubation, severe pain
Contraindications: MAO inhibitors within 14 days, myasthenia gravis.
Precautions: Increased intracranial pressure, elderly, debilitated, COPD, respiratory problems, hepatic and renal insufficiency.
Dosage/Route: 1-2mcg/kg slowly IV (2 to 3 min) Max of 200mcg
Pedi: 2 mcg/kg slow IV/IM.
Ketorolac (Tordol)
Name/Class: KETOROLAC (Toradol)/Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug (NSAID)
Description: Ketorolac is an injectable NSAID that exhibits analgesic, antiinflammatory, and antipyretic properties without sedative effects.
Indications: Mild or moderate pain.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to aspirin, or other NSAIDs, and asthma.
Precautions: Peptic ulcers, renal or hepatic impairment, or elderly.
Dosage/Route: 30-60mg IV/IM
Meperidine (Demerol)
Name/Class: MEPERIDINE (Demerol)/Narcotic Analgesic
Description: Meperidine is a synthetic narcotic with sedative and analgesic properties comparable to morphine but without hemodynamic side effects.
Indications: Moderate to severe pain.
Contraindications: Seizure disorders, or acute abdomen prior to diagnosis.
Precautions: Increased intracranial pressure, asthma or other respiratory conditions, supraventricular tachycardias, prostatic hypertrophy, urethral stricture, glaucoma, elderly or debilitated patients, renal or hepatic impairment, hypothyroidism, or Addison’s disease.
Dosage/Route: 25 to 50 mg IV, 50 to 100 mg IM.
Pedi: 1 mg/kg IV/IM.
Nitrous Oxide 50:50 (Nitronox)
Name/Class: NITROUS OXIDE 50:50 (Nitronox) Gaseous analgesic and anesthetic
Description: Exact mechanism unknown; affects central nervous system phospholipids
Indications: Moderate to sever pain, anxiety, apprehension
Contraindications: Impaired level of consciousness, head injury, inability to follow or comply with instructions.
Precautions/Side Effects: Drowsiness, respiratory depression, apnea, malignant hyperthermia
Dosage/Route: Instruct the patient to inhale deeply through demand valve and mask or mouthpiece.
Pedi: Same as above
NALBUPHINE (Nubain)
Name/Class: NALBUPHINE (Nubain)/Narcotic Analgesic
Description: Nalbuphine is a synthetic narcotic analgesic equivalent to morphine, though its respiratory depression does not increase with higher doses.
Indications: Moderate to severe pain.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, undiagnosed head or abdominal injury.
Precautions: Impaired respirations, narcotic dependency.
Dosage/Route: 5 mg IV/IM/subcutaneous, repeat as 2 mg doses as needed up to 20
mg.
Pedi: 0.1 to 0.15mg/kg IV/IM/subcutaneous (rarely used)
Tetracaine
Name/Class: Tetracaine / Ophthalmic, Anesthetics
Description: After topical application to the eye, local anesthetics penetrate to sensory nerve endings in the corneal tissue. These medications block both the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses by decreasing the neuronal membrane’s permeability to sodium ions. This reversibly stabilizes the membrane and inhibits depolarization, resulting in the failure of a propagated action potential and subsequent conduction blockade.
Indications: Eye Injuries or Foreign Body
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity,
Precautions be monitored. : Hyperthyroid disease, cardiac diseases
Dosage/Route: 1-2 Drops in each eye
MORPHINE SULFATE (Morphine)
Name/Class: MORPHINE SULFATE (Morphine)/Narcotic Analgesic
Description: Morphine sulfate is a potent analgesic and sedative that causes some vasodilation, reducing venous return, and reduced myocardial oxygen demand.
Indications: Moderate to severe pain and in MI and to reduce venous return in pulmonary edema.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to opiates, undiagnosed head or abdominal injury, hypotension, or volume depletion, acute bronchial asthma, COPD, severe respiratory depression, or pulmonary edema due to chemical inhalation.
Precautions: Elderly, children, or debilitated patients. Naloxone should be readily available to counteract the effects of morphine.
Dosage/Route: Pain: 2 to 20 mg IV; 5 to 20 mg IM/SQ.
Pedi: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV
