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old. 232 > Pain: maternal and child health > Flashcards

Pain: maternal and child health Flashcards

1
Q

pain is both hurtful and _____ (mentally) to kids

A

confusing

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2
Q

preschoolers and young kids lack a sense of ___ which makes it difficult to explain to them when their pain will go away

A

time

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3
Q

what age can a kid indicate where thyre feeling pain by pointing

A

3

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4
Q

what ages cn rate their pain on a scale of 1-10

A

older s age and ados

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5
Q

why might a kid be reluctant to admit pain

how can you address this

A

fear of getting shot as Tx

advocate for oral analgesia, PC analgesia, intermittent IV

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6
Q

is there much chance of kids getting narcotic dependent

A

no. little risk

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7
Q

T or F resp depression is more likely in kids than adults

A

\F. makes it sound like theyre equal

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8
Q

how can you assess whether an nalgesic was effective for kid

A

nonverbal cues
vitals
childs statements

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9
Q

where do pain impulses join CNS fibres

A

dorsal horn of spinal cord

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10
Q

somatic pain=

eg

A

pain that originates from deep body structures eg muscles or bones
eg sprained ankle

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11
Q

pain that arises from mucous membranes is an example of

describe this type of pain

A

cutaneous pain

pain that arises from superficial structures such as skin and mucous membranes

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12
Q

pain that arises from internal organs=

A

visceral pain

eg appendicitis

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13
Q

pain threshold in kids is most influnced by

A

genetics

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14
Q

pain tolerance is most affected by

A

cultural influences

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15
Q

gate control theory of pain: how an gating mechanisms be stimulated

A

cutaneous stim
distraction
anxiety reduction

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16
Q

pain in the presence of anxiety in kids affects pain how

A

child perceives it more quickly

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17
Q

how can you assist in providing good pain assessment. who and how do you educate

A

parents may refrain from telling you kids in pain bcause they think ur expert
HCW may rely on parents
kids may not know pain can be taken care of and not report
to prevent this, tell everyone how pain willbe assessed, everyones role and whats avail for pain relief helps ensure these misunderstandings dont occur

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18
Q

what is the chief mark in -infants- that pain is present

A

they cant be comforted completely

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19
Q

which type of infant has most difficulty in making distress response

A

preterm neonate

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20
Q

why is pain diff to assess in toddlers and preschoolers

(not much specifically on preschoolers) 3 items

A

-diff because they lack vocab
-use their words
-diff comparing pain to past pain as lack experience
-
-

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21
Q

considerations for pain in

preschoolers-4 items

A
  • egocentric, think adults know already
  • may think pain is punishment
  • may be diff to comfort as they dont have perception of time (its only for minute)
  • may regress
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22
Q

preschooler. another way to eval if analgesia is working

A

if they resume their normal behaviour after (info from parents)

23
Q

why might preadolescents have difficulty describing their pain

A

they think concretely cant conceive that sharp means both knife and quality of pain in abdomen

24
Q

are school age kids old enough to control pain through nonpharm measures eg distraction

A

yes

25
Q

when might a kid be ready to use numerical pain scale

A

middle school

26
Q

how can you eval if kids ready to use scale (that goes r to L or numeric)

A

give triangles arrange sm to lg

27
Q

t or f kids in pain cant sleep

A

f they may sleep to distract hemselves or be exhausted by the pain

28
Q

how could you adjust a pain scale for a kid if theyre having diff

A

turn it bottom to top

use sale of 1-5

29
Q

with adolescents whats doubly important to assess and why (of pt in pain(

A

they may try to be stoic

assess body motions eg clenching, tensing, rapid breathing

30
Q

CRIES scale. meant for

stands for

A

(crying, requires 02, expression, sleeplessness) neonates

31
Q

cries scale score of _ or more means most likley
in pain
how is each it scored

A

4+

0-2

32
Q

who cant use cries scale

A

intubate or paralyzed

33
Q

comfort behaviour scale used for

A

v young infants

34
Q

pain mgmt based on gate control theory

A

let kid know you want to take away pain (use positive approach

  • admin meds before intense to prevent pain
  • never give JUST an analgesic. make kid comfy etc by backrubs or straightening the sheets
  • ask kid what they thinkd be helpful
  • help them talk abt pain to reduce fear
  • relieve anxiety and maybe use relaxation
  • offer emotional support
  • validate eg its ok to cry not be a big girl. dont shame
35
Q

substitution of meaning=

good for

A

guided imagery is distraction technique to help a kid place another meaning on a painful procedure
eg the needle is a rocket ship ask the kid to elaborate eg what color is the ship, does it have stripes
-good for chronic pain and quick procedures

36
Q

is severe headache a concern with epidural analgesia

A

no. the epidural needle doesnt enter CSF

37
Q

what must a distraction activity require

is a video game an example

A

requires: concentration. simple distractions like video games allow pain to break through
gives the kid feeling of control

38
Q

is thought stopping summarized as dont think about it

A

no. it allows the thoughts and the child transforms or changes them into more positive ones

39
Q

whats the secret to success for thought stopping

A

use the technique every time the disturbing anxious thoughts appear

40
Q

what age group is biofeedback for

A

ados. younger cant conc

41
Q

biofeedbak=

A

biofeedback is based on the theory that people an regulate interneural events eg heart rate and pain in response to a stimulus

42
Q

TENS=

A

transcutaneous eletrical nerve stimulation. apply sm electrodes to dermatomes that supply the body portion where pains experienced. when kid sense paint hey push a button on the box which delivers a current

43
Q

tens, given for acute or chronic pain

A

both

44
Q

tens not recommended if:

A

incontinent or has wound thats likely to cause electrodes to get wet

45
Q

when can you apply heat after__

A

24hrs after injury

46
Q

what type of nalgesic measure shoud be avoided

A

IM

47
Q

intranasal admin

A

attractive as easy to admin for parents and well absorbed

48
Q

is severe headache a concern with epidural analgesia

A

no. the epidural needle doesnt enter CSF

49
Q

method of analgesia for pts in acute pain

A

IV

50
Q

topical anesthetic considerations

A

cover it in young kids so they dont wipe it off or eat t
takes 30min-hr to take effect
can be applied at home before clinic

51
Q

number one reason for poisoning in small kids

A

acetaminophen

52
Q

how old are pts when they can use PCA

A

5-6yrs old

53
Q

conscious sedation=

A

state fo depressed consciousness usually obtained through IV analgesia
allows kid to be pain free nd sedated for a procedure
protective reflexes are left intact

old. 232 (8 decks)

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