Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FOUNDATIONS EXAM 3 > Pain Management > Flashcards

Pain Management Flashcards

1
Q

Physiological effects of pain

A

Hyperglycemia
Increased cardiac workload
Immune dysfunction
Altered coagulation
Illeus
Urinary retention
Decreased lung volume
Fatigue
Debility — physical weakness
CHANGE IN VITALS AND CHARACTERISTICS
SNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Psychological effects of pain

A

Social isolation
Disability/job loss
Poor QOL
Anxiety
**Depression
Demoralization
Suicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many Americans are effected by chronic pain

A

100 million experience chronic pain
25 million are limited ADLs
COSTS: 560-630 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What makes pain chronic

A

Lasts 3-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the four processes of pain

A

Transduction, transmission, perception, modulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is transduction

A

Convert noxious stimuli to electrical impulse (brains response)
Mechanical/thermal/chemical response
Nociceptors —> dorsal horn (spinal cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What stimulates nociceptors

A

Histamine
Lactic acid
Bradykinin
Prostaglandins
Substance P
Serotonin
HELP CREATE NOCICEPTORS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the transmission of pain

A

A delta - transmitters of pain, FAST conducting, transmits acute localized pain
C fibers - defused or generalized pain

THE REFLEX ARC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the perception of pain, threshold and adaptation

A

Interpretation of stimuli
Threshold= lowest intensity of stimulus that causes recognition of pain
Adaptation- result of chronic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can effect a persons perception of pain

A

PEDS= how their parent reacts
Culture= can appear more stoic
Experience= develop a new threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is modulation of pain and the neuromodulators related to it

A

Regulation or inhibition of sensation

Effected by neuromodulators
-endorphins= pain blocking chemicals, prolongs analgesia
Enkephalins= reduces the sensation of pain, inhibits substance P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two durations of pain

A

Acute
Chronic
- malignant/non malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 sources of pain

A

Cutaneous
Somatic
Visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the mode of transmission of pain

A

Referred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the three etiology’s of pain

A

Nociceptive — most common physical damage
Neuropathic — nerve damage
Psychogenic — mental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How long does acute pain last

A

No longer than a week

Clear cause and normally corrected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is cutaneous pain and give an example

A

Superficial — paper cut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is somatic pain and example

A

Diffused or scattered pain, musculoskeletal, with generalized area pain

Sprained ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is visceral pain and give an example

A

Caused by internal organs, stretching/spasm pain, generalized pain area, REFERRED PAIN

appendicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the danger with neuropathy

A

Risk for unknown injury or severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does neuropathic pain feel like

A

Burning, electric, tingling, stabbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is psychogenic pain treated

A

Least to most invasive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is psychogenic pain treated

A

Least to most invasive

24
Q

What is allodynia

A

Pain after non painful stimuli

25
Q

What is intractable pain

A

Untreatable with interventions and therapy
-try distractive techniques or alternative therapy, communication with providers is KEY

26
Q

Things to know about newborn/infant pain

A

Lack of pain perception, usually given sugar water for treatment

27
Q

Things to know about toddler pain

A

Pain can not be identified
-is there but hard to assess

28
Q

How to ask someone about their pain

A

Describe
Rate
What makes it worse/better
Location
Duration

29
Q

Describe the verbal rating scale for pain

A

Used for adults and adolescents
-after ask for the pain to be described

30
Q

Describe the Wong-Baker pain scale

A

Faces, used for toddlers and children
-note: some kids will pick the face they LIKE best

31
Q

Describe the adult non verbal pain scale NVPS

A

Based on facial expressions, activity, guarding, vital signs, presentation (eyes, sweating, flushed)

32
Q

Describe the CRIES observer pain scale

A

Used for peds
C: crying
R: requires oxygen
I: increased vitals
E: expression
S: sleeplessness

33
Q

Describe the FLACC scale

A

Used in peds
F: face
L: legs
A: activity
C: cry
C: consilability

34
Q

What are some drug seeking behaviors

A

Changing story, changed pain location, demanding specific med/dose/administration

35
Q

SNS response to moderate pain

A

HTN
Tachycardia/pnea
Pallor
Increase blood sugar
Muscle tension

36
Q

PNS response to severe pain

A

N/V
Fainting
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Rapid/irregular breathing

37
Q

Behavioral signs of pain

A

Grimacing
Moaning
Restlessness
Guarding
Moving away
Crying

38
Q

Behavioral signs of pain

A

Grimacing
Moaning
Restlessness
Guarding
Moving away
Crying

39
Q

Affective signs of pain

A

Withdrawal
Stoicism
Anxiety/depression
Fear/anger
Anorexia
Fatigue
Hopelessness

40
Q

What are adjuvant analgesics

A

Will buffer neuro response and causes synergy effect when used with pain reliever

41
Q

Examples of adjuvant analgesics

A

Tricyclic antidepressants
Antihistamines
Caffeine
Muscle relaxant
Anticonvulsant
Antiemetic

42
Q

Examples of adjuvant analgesics

A

Tricyclic antidepressants
Antihistamines
Caffeine
Muscle relaxant
Anticonvulsant
Antiemetic

43
Q

Dosage of hydromorphone compared to morphine

A

7-10 times stronger, so smaller dose is needed

44
Q

Types of administration for PCAs

A

IV
Nerve block
Epidural
Intrathecal

45
Q

When are PCAs used and what are the stipulations

A

Post op, chronic pain, cancer pain

Pt can not have altered consciousness, be the only one to push the button, and still be using the prescribed dose

46
Q

What meds are typically used in PCAs

A

Fentanyl, morphine, hydromorphine

47
Q

What are the most serious opioid side effects

A

Respiratory depression
Apnea
Respiratory arrest
Circulatory depression
Hypotension
Shock

48
Q

What are the most common side effects of opioids

A

Constipation —normally prescribed stool softeners
N/V
Sedation
Dizziness
Pruritus
HA
Dry mouth

49
Q

When is a person considered in respiratory depression and what do you do

A

Respirations less than 8 — try to wake up and check other vitals
-give narcan — will last only 3-5 minutes
*if no response look for other causes

50
Q

What is the numeric sedation scale and each category

A

represents effect of opioids
S: sleep, easy to arouse no intervention
1: awake and alert, no intervention
2: occasionally drowsy, but easy to arouse, non intervention
3: frequently drowsy, drifts into sleep during conversation REDUCE dose
4: somnolent with minimal or no response to stimulation DISCONTINUE and consider naloxone

51
Q

What is physical dependence

A

Withdrawal if drug is discontinued or change in dose

52
Q

What is physical dependence

A

Withdrawal if drug is discontinued or change in dose

53
Q

What is tolerance

A

Greater amount needed to get therapeutic effect

54
Q

What is Pseudoaddiction

A

Behavior is suggestive to addiction, caused by under treatment

55
Q

What is Pseudoaddiction

A

Behavior is suggestive to addiction, caused by under treatment

56
Q

What is Psychological dependence

A

Psychiatric disorder characterized by compulsive use of substance, despite harm

FOUNDATIONS EXAM 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions