Pain Integ

Question 1

An unpleasant sensory or emotional experience

Answer 1

pain

Question 2

Perception of pain is a product of

Answer 2

Brain’s Abstraction and elaboration of sensory input

Question 3

T/F activation of nocieptors does not necessarily lead to expereince of pain

Answer 3

t (pain can be perceived without activation of nociceptors, ex: phantom limb pain, thalamic pain syndrome)

Question 4

What are the 2 clinical states of pain

Answer 4

1. Physiological (nociceptive) -somatic, viseral

2. Neuropathic (intractable)0 deafferentation, sympathetic, peripheral

Question 5

Nocioceptor (free nerve endings):

type mechanical activated by

Answer 5

Strong stimuli such a pinch, sharp object, Adelta

Question 6

Thermal nocicpetors

Answer 6

noxious heat or cold, A delta

Question 7

Polymodal nociceptors activiated by

Answer 7

mechanical, noxious heat, cold, irritant

NON MYELINATED C FIBERS

Question 8

Deep, lancinating pain and carry vibratory signals, what fibers are these?

Answer 8

A-beta

Question 9

Large somatic fibers having primary connections to cortical brain regions, fibers convey sharp, lancinating, easily localized pain signals.

Answer 9

A-delta

Question 10

Which fibers are more primitive and slow conducting, generates more generalized dull, burning and aching pain sensation

Answer 10

C-Fibers

Question 11

What is released by free nerve endings?

Answer 11

substance P

Question 12

Besides cell injury, what is released from plateletes and damaged endothelial cells that activate nocicpetors?

Answer 12

Serotonin

Question 13

Voltage gated channels are concentrated in the myelin sheath (nodes of Ranvier) of somatic nerve fibers, but are more evenly distrubited by

Answer 13

A-fibers

Unmyelinated C-fibers

Question 14

Mast cell release what to induce vasodilation

Answer 14

histamines

Question 15

Hot senation, slow pain, generalized touch afferent transmission, spinal laminas 1 and II

Answer 15

C-fibers

Question 16

Cold sensation, fast pain, localized touch

Answer 16

A delta (spinal laminas I and 5)

Question 17

Any damage to wiring along the neural pathway can be thought of as “static” alters the neural signal and is then perceived as pain

Answer 17

Neurogenic or neuropathic pain

Question 18

At the end of the neural pathway whwere signals are interpreted, if central neurons are not working right, brain perceives pain

Answer 18

Central pain

Question 19

Pain usually following stroke in the ventral basal thalamus. Rearragement of local circuit leads to excruciating pain

Answer 19

thalamic pain

Question 20

Widespread damage and/or severe causal factors may cause more than one aspect of the pain percetion pathway to malfunction

Answer 20

CRPS

Question 21

RUbbing skin near the site of injury to feel better or the use of TENS is example of

Answer 21

the gate theory of pain.

Question 22

pain stimulus formt he body periphery is carried by A-delta and C-fibers to the dorsal horn of the SC

the Gate is located in the substantia gelatinosa of the DH it can facilitate or inhibit the progression of the nerve impulses through the CNS.

Answer 22

Gait theroy of pain

Question 23

Summation of signals can cause

Answer 23

hyperexcitabiloity

Question 24

occurs with continued moderate to severe pain. This creates a pain intensity that is greater than expected for the stimulus. therefore, the pain response is greatly enhanced when ___occured.

Answer 24

wind-up

Question 25

What is the result of moderate to severe pain that last fro more than 24 hours

Answer 25

neuroplasticity

Question 26

4 stages of nociception transmission

Answer 26

1. Tranduction-noxious stimuli converts energy into a nerve impulse
2. Transmission-neural pain signal moves from periphery to SC and brain
3. Perception-how higher centers interpret pain
4. Modulation-facilitation and inhiborty reponse

Question 27

Substance P

Bradykinin

Answer 27

• C fibers/free nerve ending release

- Inflammatory response