Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Modalities > Pain, documentation, disablement > Flashcards

Pain, documentation, disablement Flashcards

1
Q

substance P

A

transmission of pain- producing impulses, makes things less comfortable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

acetylcholine

A

responsible for transmitting motor nerve impulses. PNS and CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

norepinephrine

A

causes vasoconstriction, underlies “fight or flight” response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

enkephalins

A

reduce pain perception by bonding to pain receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

endorphins

A

morphine-like neurohormone, thought to increase pain threshold by bonding to pain receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

serotonin

A

substance that causes local vasodilation and increase permeability of capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

afferent pathways

A

first order neuron
second order neuron
third order neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

first order neuron

A

connects to periphral sensory receptor and projects info to DGR in spinal cord
-Aα=fastest, thick myelin, muscle spindle, GTO
-Aβ=fast, thick myelin, light touch, vibration, hair deflection
large diameter afferent
-Aδ=slow, thin myelin, sharp pain, touch, temp, pressure
-C=slowest, no myelin, dull and diffuse pain, touch, intense pressure, extreme temp
small diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

second order neuron

A

cell body located in DGR, crosses midline and ascends to the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

third order neuron

A

cell boy in the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nociceptors

A

nerve endings that are sensitive to painful stimuli

  • Aδ and C fibers
  • noxious pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

superficial sensory receptors

A
  1. mechanoreceptors: pressure, skin, stretch, and touch. meissner’s & pascinian corpuscles
  2. thermoreceptors: hold and cold receptors
  3. nociceptors: free nerve endings, pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

deep sensory receptors

A
  1. proprioceptors: (GTO, muscle spindles) changes in muscle length, joint position and vibration, joint end range
  2. nociceptors: free nerve endings, pain
  3. mechanoreceptors: change in muscle length and tension, ligamentous deformation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

paleospinothalamic tract

A
  • carries “slow pain”

- order of transmission: nociceptor, first order neuron (c fiber) to laminae II & III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

neospinothalamic tract

A
  • carries “fast pain”

- nociceptor (skin, soft tissue, periosteum), first order neuron (Aδ) to DGR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

thalamus

A

area of the brain where pain is first identified and sorted

17
Q

pain perception is influenced by…

A

physical, chemical, social, psychological

18
Q

pain control theories

A
  1. gate control theory
  2. central biasing theory
  3. endogenous opiates theory
19
Q

gate control theory

A
  • considered ascending pain control mechanism
  • what do you do when your elbow hurts?
  • located in dorsal horn
  • activate more Aβ fibers= more active, gate closes
  • C fibers more active, gate opens (more pain is felt)
20
Q

descending pain modulation

A

transmit impulses from the brain

- release of enkephalins and serotonin inhibit ascending neurons

21
Q

periaqueductal gray (PAG)

A

receives input from the cortex, projects to rap he nucleus and activates neurons, then to the DRG and releases endogenous opiate called enkephalin

22
Q

raphe nucleus

A

brainstem, releases serotonin to rest of the brain

23
Q

central biasing theory

A

descending neurons are activated, causes release of enkephalins and serotonin to inhibit pain

24
Q

endogenous opiates theory

A

release of enkephalins from pituitary gland into spinal fluid
- block ascending nerve impulses

25
Q

local & referred pain

A

local: made worse with palpation, affected by mechanical changes
referred: non-specific, diffuse, unknown origin, not made worse with palpation
radicular: compression on nerve root

26
Q

objective pain assessment

A
  • visual analog scale
  • pain disability index
  • mcGill pain questionnaire
  • pain body diagram
27
Q

subjective outcomes

A

how are you?

28
Q

nagi’s disablement model

A 
active pathology 
impairment 
functional limitation 
disability 
quality of life
29
Q

active pathology

A

injury or illness

30
Q

impairment

A

abnormality at the site of injury.

loss, reduced capacity, or altered state of ability. limited ROM, atrophy

31
Q

functional limitations

A

limitations in actions

EX: sitting, walking, stair climbing, running, cutting, throwing

32
Q

disability

A

limitations in activities

EX: doing my job, going shopping, taking the dog for a walk, playing a sport

33
Q

quality of life

A

factors that contribute to the goodness or fulfillment of life
EX: emotional well-being, social support

Modalities (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions