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Modalities > Inflammation & Tissue Repair > Flashcards

Inflammation & Tissue Repair Flashcards

1
Q

ATC’s & modalities

A

used effectively: will enhance healing

used incorrectly: can harm the individual

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2
Q

therapeutics

A
  • process of heeling

- must be conducive to the healing process

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3
Q

modality

A

application of some sort of stress to the body

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4
Q

are modalities effective?

A

conflicting evidence

- exercise if often the most important modality

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5
Q

primary trauma

A

immediate cellular destruction due to injury, irreversible

EX: ACL tear

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6
Q

secondary trauma

A

cell death cause by blockage of oxygen (hypoxia) supply to area
EX: swelling cuts off blood supply

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7
Q

prevent secondary trauma?

A 
RICE :
rest 
ice
compression 
elevation
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8
Q

phases of healing

A
  1. Inflammatory Response Phase: elicit local & systematic effects, cells remove debris, cells create groundwork
    0-4 days
  2. Fibroblastic Repair Phase: cells restore blood vessels
    2 days - 6 weeks
  3. Maturation Remodeling Phase: healed tissues adapt to functional loading
    3 weeks - 2 years
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9
Q

Heling process

“inflammation can occur without healing, but healing cannot occur without inflammation”

A
  • continuum
  • phases over lap with no distinct beginning
  • phases do not always continue forward
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10
Q
  1. Inflammatory Response Phase
A
  • initial reaction of the body tissue to an irritant or injury 3-4 days post injury
  • treatment goal: limit pain & swelling
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11
Q

acute injury vascular response

A

immediate vasoconstriction, then vasodilation occurs

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12
Q

cardinal signs of inflammation

A
  • heat
  • swelling
  • redness
  • pain
  • loss of function
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13
Q

White Blood Cells involved

A

leukocytes. margination. pavementing. adhere. chemotaxis. phagocytosis

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14
Q

3 mechanisms to managing blood loss

A
  1. vasoconstriction
  2. plalelet plug
    - adhere to one another, mechanical plug, not permanent
  3. coagulation cascade
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15
Q

clotting cascade

A

permanent stop of blood loss from injured area

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16
Q

fibrin patch

A

(scab) forms blood clot, cover injured tissue

17
Q

what happens to clot?

A

2nd phase: granulation tissue replaces it

3rd phase: granulation tissue will be replaced with new collagen (healing scar)

18
Q
  1. Fibroblastic Repair/Proliferation Phase
A
  • starts 48-72 hours after injury & may extend to 6 weeks
  • two parts
    1. granulation
    2. fibroblastic/proliferative phase
19
Q

granulation phase

A
  • re-epithelialization: growth of new tissue
  • angiogenesis: new blood vessels form
  • fibroplasia: development of fibrous tissue
20
Q

scar formation

A

as the fibrin begins to break down, connective tissue (granulation tissue) forms

  • collagen matrix begins to from
  • scar is pink, weak, ad immature
21
Q
  1. Maturation Remodeling Phase
A
  • 3 weeks after injury can last up to 2 years
  • would tissue converts to scar tissue
  • Davis law: soft tissue will remodel along the lines of the stress placed on it
  • type 3 collagen replaced with type 1 **
22
Q

chronic inflammation

A
  • subacute: inflammatory process that lasts up to one month/past
  • chronic: inflammation lasting longer than a month and in some cases years
23
Q

healing of various tissues

A
  • in a healthy individual, healing process will vary given the type of tissue that is injured
  • higher metabolic rate (skin, muscle) should occur in 5-8 days
  • lower metabolic rate: 3-5 weeks
24
Q

repair v regeneration

A

repair: tissue heals with a scar
- ligament, tendon, bone, muscle

regeneration: actual tissue is replaced
- bone

25
Q

nerve tissue

A

PNS: can’t regenerate after they die, can regenerate from partial tear
- closer a nerve injury is to the cell body, the less likely it will heal

26
Q

fracture healing

phase 1

A

acute phase

  • up to 1 week
  • hematoma forms
  • angiogenesis
  • begins to develop soft callus
27
Q

fracture healing

phase 2

A

repair/ regeneration

  • up to 8-12 weeks
  • soft callus to hard callus: cartilage to bone occurs starting week 3
28
Q

fracture healing

phase 3

A

remodeling phase

  • resorption of callus: as callus is removed trabecular bone lays down, can take several years
  • osteoblast and osteoclasts remodel bone
29
Q

factors that impede healing

A

extent of injury, edema, poor vascular supply, separation of tissue, muscle spasm, age, diabetes, smokers, infection

Modalities (4 decks)

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