Pain assessment and management Flashcards
IASP definition of pain
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage
consequences of uncontrolled pain
- Compromises immune function
- Promotes tumor growth
- Compromises healing
- Increased morbidity and mortality following surgery
Types of pain
acute pain, cancer pain, chronic pain, intractable pain, neuropathic pain, nociceptive pain and phantom pain
Pain mechanisms in nociception
transduction, transmission, modulation and perception
nature of pain
subjective experience, known as the 5th vital sign, involves physical, emotional and cognitive components.
meaning of OPQRSTUV
Onset, Provocative, Quality, Region, Severity, Timing, Understanding, Values
routes of opioid delivery
- Oral
- Subcutaneous
- Intramuscular
- Intravenous
- Transnasal
- Transdermal
- Rectal
- Intraspinal
Physical interventions for nonpharmacological pain management
massage, reflexology, application of heat and cold, acupuncture, contralateral stimulation, immobilizing and use of splints and braces, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
three modes of delivery for epidural
- Bolus
- Continuous infusion administered by a pump
- Continuous plus intermittent Bolus
behavioural interventions for pain management
- psychoeducation
- Distraction
forms of distraction
- Visual e.g. reading, watching tv
- Auditory e.g. humor, listening to music
- Tactile e.g. massage, stroking a pet, slow breathing
- Intellectual e.g. crossword puzzle, card games, hobbies
Assessment tools for the elderly
- Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD)
- Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate (PACSLAC)
