Pain and Temperature Flashcards
Define Pain.
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.
And it comes from the brain
What are the dimensions of Pain?
Sensory- discriminative (qualities)
Cognitive- evaluate (interpretation)
Motivational- affective (emotions)
Classify pain.
Fast: A-delta axons
Slow: C fibers
Good: Sudden onset and recedes once healed
Bad: Damage to nerve injury, due to underlying cause.
Describe the pain transductor (receptor).
Vallinoid receptor (TVRP-1)- Heat
Capsaican influx and binds to the receptor, the influx of Ca2+
ASICs (heart and associated with ischaemia)
What are the disorders associated with pain?
Allodynia* Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain.
Hyperalgesia Increased pain from a stimulus that normally provokes pain.
*Hypoalgesia Diminished pain in response to a normally painful stimulus.
What is sensitizing soup?
reduced threshold and augmented
response of the sensory nerve fibers in the periphery
to external stimulus.
Describe referred pain.
pain is perceived in a location that is distant from the actual source of the pain. It occurs when sensory nerve fibers from different regions of the body converge and share the same pathway to the central nervous system, leading to the brain interpreting the signals as originating from a different area.
Describe the Gate theory.
Modulates pain
Mechanoreceptors along the Ab fiber up-regulate the inhibitory interneuron, it is also faster than the C-type fiber of pain, which inhibits this fiber.
Overall, the inhibitory interneuron is activated and has an inhibitory effect on the second-order neuron as a result, the summation of the c-type fiber and the inhibitory neuron is low, which reduces the number of or chance of action potential forming the in 2nd order neuron.
Describe the mechanisms of action of exogenous pain management.
Inhibit perception
Inhibit transmission
Modulation of Spinal Pathway
Inhibit Transduction
