PAIN-AGGRESSION-VIOLENCE Flashcards
- What is pain?
An unpleasant feeling, sensation, and psychological event mainly related to tissue injury.
- What are the components involved in the nature of pain?
- Mental
- Physical
- Emotional
- What are the effects of pain?
- Physical
- Cognitive
- Social
- Financial
- What factors affect pain perception and response?
- Age
- Sexuality
- Sociocultural background
- Inability to perceive and respond to pain
- Past experiences
- What are common behavioral responses to pain?
- Gritting teeth
- Clenching
- Grimacing
- Guarding or holding the painful area
- What are the classifications of pain?
- Acute Pain
- Chronic Pain (Nonmalignant)
- Chronic Pain (Malignant)
- What is acute pain?
- Short duration
- Cause is well-defined
- Relieved with healing
- Reversible and transient
- Mild to severe intensity
- May cause anxiety and restlessness
- What is chronic pain (nonmalignant)?
- Longer duration
- May or may not have a well-defined cause
- Progressive and steady onset
- No biological purpose
- Mild to severe intensity
- May cause depression, fatigue, and exhaustion
- What is chronic pain (malignant)?
Pain associated with cancer or tumor growth, often progressive and severe.
- What are other classifications of pain?
- Cutaneous Pain
- Visceral Pain
- Deep Somatic Pain
- Radiating Pain
- Referred Pain
- Phantom Pain
- Neuropathic Pain
- Intractable Pain
- What are the seven dimensions of pain?
- Physical Dimension
- Sensory Dimension
- Behavioral Dimension
- Sociocultural Dimension
- Cognitive Dimension
- Affective Dimension
- Spiritual Dimension
- What are barriers to pain assessment?
- Patient’s beliefs
- Physical condition
- Health care provider’s beliefs
- What are physical assessments for pain?
- Observe posture
- Observe facial gestures and appearance
- Inspect joints and muscles
- Observe skin for scars, lesions, rashes, wounds, bruising
- Check heart rate
- Check respiratory rate
- Check blood pressure
- What are techniques for nursing care of a patient with pain?
- Techniques that stimulate the skin (enhance serotonin secretion)
- Techniques that distract attention
- Techniques that promote relaxation
- What is violence?
A form of aggressive physical force and mental assault causing psychological or physical harm.
- What is family violence?
An intentional act of forceful, intimidating, coercive behavior inflicted on a family member or intimate partner.
- What is aggression?
Unprovoked hostile behavior with an intention to harm others either verbally or physically.
- What are the classifications of family violence?
- Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) / Domestic Violence
- Child Abuse
- Elder Mistreatment
- What are the types of violence?
- Physical Abuse
- Psychological Abuse
- Economic Abuse
- Sexual Abuse
- What are important considerations when assessing child abuse?
- Establish a reassuring environment
- Do not show discomfort or surprise
- Be calm and accepting
- Avoid yes/no questions
- Ask open-ended or multiple-choice questions
- What are important considerations when assessing elder mistreatment?
- Ask about their typical day
- Look for neglect or abuse indicators
- Ask if they have been forced to sign papers they don’t understand
- Determine if they are isolated from others
- Check if they have been refused assistance or medications
- What are important assessments for victims of violence?
- General appearance
- Hygiene and clothing
- Mental status
- Vital signs
- Skin assessment
- Head and neck
- Eyes
- Ears
- Abdomen
- Genitalia/Rectal area
- Musculoskeletal and Neurologic system
- What questions should be asked when assessing a safety plan for a victim of violence?
- Do you have a packed bag ready?
- Have you told neighbors about the abuse?
- Do you have a code word for family/friends to call for help?
- Do you know where you will go if you leave?
- Have you removed weapons from the home?
- What essential items should a person prepare when planning to leave an abusive situation?
- Cash
- Social Security cards/numbers
- Birth certificates
- Driver’s license
- Rent and utility receipts
- Bank account numbers
- Insurance policies
- Marriage license
- Jewelry
- Important phone numbers
- Copy of a protection order
- What should children be taught in case of violence at home?
- Know a safe place to go
- Know who is safe to tell
- Know how and when to call 911
- Know how to make a collect call
- Understand their job is to stay safe, not intervene
- What does the FLACC Scale assess?
Pain intensity in infants and non-verbal patients based on behavioral observations.
- What does FLACC stand for?
- Face
- Legs
- Activity
- Cry
- Consolability
- How is the FLACC Scale scored?
- Each category is scored from 0 to 2.
- Total score ranges from 0 to 10.
- Higher scores indicate greater pain severity.
- What are the FLACC score interpretations?
- 0: No pain
- 1-3: Mild pain
- 4-6: Moderate pain
- 7-10: Severe pain
- What are the behavioral signs for “Face” in the FLACC Scale?
- 0: No expression or smile
- 1: Occasional grimace or frown
- 2: Frequent frown, clenched jaw, quivering chin
- What are the behavioral signs for “Legs” in the FLACC Scale?
- 0: Normal relaxed position
- 1: Uneasy, restless, tense
- 2: Kicking or legs drawn up
- What are the behavioral signs for “Activity” in the FLACC Scale?
- 0: Lying quietly, moves normally
- 1: Squirming, tense, shifting back and forth
- 2: Arched, rigid, jerking
- What are the behavioral signs for “Cry” in the FLACC Scale?
- 0: No cry (awake or asleep)
- 1: Moans or whimpers
- 2: Crying steadily, screams or sobs
- What are the behavioral signs for “Consolability” in the FLACC Scale?
- 0: Content and relaxed
- 1: Reassured by touching, hugging, or being talked to
- 2: Difficult to console or comfort
- What is the Universal Pain Assessment Tool used for?
A standardized tool for assessing pain intensity across different populations, including non-verbal and culturally diverse patients.
- What features does the Universal Pain Assessment Tool include?
- Numeric Pain Rating Scale
- Wong-Baker Faces Scale
- FLACC Behavioral Scale
- Activity Tolerance Scale
- What is the Numeric Pain Rating Scale?
A 0-10 scale where patients verbally rate their pain intensity, with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst possible pain.
- What is the Wong-Baker Faces Scale?
A pain scale using facial expressions, often used for children and non-verbal patients.
- What do the numbers 0-10 represent in the Universal Pain Assessment Tool?
- 0: No Pain
- 1-3: Mild Pain
- 4-6: Moderate Pain
- 7-10: Severe Pain
- How does the Universal Pain Assessment Tool help in pain management?
Allows healthcare providers to quantify pain levels and determine appropriate interventions.
Cutaenous
Skin or subcutaneous tissue
Visceral
Internal organs (thoracic, abdominal)
Deep Somatic
Muslces, tendons, bones, ligaments
Radiating
Starts at specific source, but travels along a nerve path to another location
Referred
Pain felt in an area distant from its actual source
Phantom
Individuals feel pain in a part of the body that has been amputated (naputolan)
Neuropathic
Damage/dysfunction in nervous system (peripheral nerves, brain, spinal cord)
Intractable
Resistant to standard medical treatments
