CULTURAL AND CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATION Flashcards
Culture
“The totality of socially transmitted behavioral patterns, arts, beliefs, values, customs, lifeways, and all other products of human work and thought characteristic of a population or people that guide their worldview and decision making.”
Cultural Competence
To provide high-quality care, nurses must know how to assess what is normal and abnormal.
Cultural Awareness
Recognition and understanding of the differences and similarities between cultures.
Cultural Skill
The ability to collect culturally relevant data regarding the client’s health.
Cultural Knowledge
Learning about the beliefs, values, and customs of other cultures.
Cultural Encounters
Engaging in cross-cultural interactions to modify one’s existing beliefs.
Cultural Desire
The motivation to engage in becoming culturally aware and competent.
Value Orientation
Beliefs about the principles and ethics that guide an individual’s behavior.
Beliefs about Human Nature
Different cultural perspectives on human behavior and relationships.
Beliefs about Health
Beliefs about what causes disease.
Beliefs about Healing
Beliefs about who serves in the role of healer or what practices bring about healing.
Eye Contact and Face Positioning
Americans expect people talking to each other to maintain a fairly high level of eye contact.
Eye Contact and Face Positioning
Eastern countries and Native Americans tend to look down to show respect to the person talking.
Eye Contact and Face Positioning
African Americans look away when being talked to, but give a very high level of eye contact when speaking.
Body Language and Hand Gestures
Non-verbal communication that varies across cultures.
Biomedical Variations
Differences in disease prevalence and health conditions among different cultural groups.
Nutrition/Dietary Habits
Cultural dietary practices and restrictions.
Family Roles and Organization
Patterns of family roles and organization, as defined by cultural norms.
Health Care Practices
Cultural beliefs and practices related to health and wellness.
Spirituality
A search for meaning and purpose in life; it seeks to understand life’s ultimate questions in relation to the sacred.
Religion: Buddhism
Illness: Prayer and meditation are used for cleansing and healing.
Religion: Buddhism
End of Life: Life is the opportunity to cultivate understanding, compassion, and joy for self and others.
Religion: Buddhism
Nutrition: Many are strict vegetarians. Some holy days include fasting from dawn to dusk.
Religion: Hinduism
Illness: Illness is the result of past and current life actions (Karma).
Religion: Hinduism
End of Life: Death marks a passage because the soul has no beginning or end.
Religion: Hinduism
Nutrition: Many, but not all, are vegetarians. Many holy days include fasting.
Religion: Islam
Illness: Illness is often believed to be a trial sent by God.
Religion: Islam
End of Life: All outcomes are seen as predetermined by Allah.
Religion: Islam
Nutrition: Consumption of pork or alcohol is prohibited.
Religion: Judaism
Illness: Restrictions related to work on holy days are removed to save a life.
Religion: Judaism
End of Life: Psalms and the last prayer of confession (vidui) are held at bedside.
Religion: Judaism
Nutrition: Rules involve no mixing of meat with dairy.
Religion: Christianity
Illness: Most view illness as a natural process for the body and even as a testing of faith.
Religion: Christianity
End of Life: There is belief in miracles, especially through prayer.
Religion: Christianity
Nutrition: No special or universal food beliefs are common to Christian religions.
Relationship between Spirituality, Religion, and Health
Clients use spiritual resources during times of high stress.
