Pain

Question 1

Descartes

Answer 1

Direct/automatic response

Question 2

Frey (1985)

Answer 2

Specific Theory of Pain

Question 3

Beecher (1956)

Answer 3

Soldiers vs civilians

Question 4

Melzack + Wall (1965)

Answer 4

Gate Control Theory of Pain

Question 5

Jamner + Tursky (1987)

Answer 5

Migraine sufferers with words associated with pain. Words increased anxiety and pain perception.

Question 6

Fordyce + Steger (1979)

Answer 6

Acute vs chronic pain. Reduction for acute (successful treatment) but increase in chronic (harder to treat, increase anxiety)

Question 7

Feuerstein et al (1987)

Answer 7

Direct correlation between high anxiety levels and increased pain perception in children with migraines and sufferers of back/pelvic pain

Question 8

Linton et al (2000)

Answer 8

Measured fear avoidance beliefs of spinal pain. 1 year follow up. 19% reported episode of back pain and those with higher baseline scores of fear avoidance were 2x more likely to report back pain

Question 9

Crombez et al (1999)

Answer 9

Pain-related fear can create hyper-vigilance towards pain. Could contribute to progression from acute to chronic pain

Question 10

Vlaeyen + Linton (2000)

Answer 10

Exposure treatment to feared situations can reduce fear avoidance beliefs and modify pain experience

Question 11

Keefe et al (2000)

Answer 11

Catastrophising can predict pain intensity:
Rumination
Magnification
Helplessness

Question 12

Sullivan et al (2001)

Answer 12

Catastrophising linked to both onset of pain and development of LT pain problems

Question 13

Turk et al (1983)

Answer 13

Increased pain self-efficacy may be important factor in determining degree of pain perception

Question 14

Eccleston + Crombez (1999)

Answer 14

Pain demands attention, leaving less attention for other tasks

Question 15

Hudson, Ogden + Whiteley (2015)

Answer 15

Varicose vein surgery 5 conditions: music, DVD, social interaction, touch or control. Anxiety lower in all groups (except music) and pain lower in social interaction and touch groups.

Question 16

Ogden + Zoukas (2009)

Answer 16

Experimental study pain onset showing videos of ice (cold), injuries (pain) or head lice (itchiness)

Question 17

Eccleston et al (2009)

Answer 17

CBT effective reducing headache pain and recurrent abdominal pain. Effects persisted by 6 mos follow-up

Question 18

Samwel et al (2009)

Answer 18

220 ppts. Pain acceptance at baseline predicted greater reduction in pain intensity. Also showed those with pain acceptance may benefit most from pain treatment

Question 19

What are the theories for Pain?

Answer 19

1. Early pain theories
2. Including psychology
3. Psychosocial factors in pain perception

Question 20

Types of pain

Answer 20

Psychogenic

Organic