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Neurobiology > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What are pain receptors called?

A

Nociceptors

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2
Q

Nociceptors are usually ______ _____ __________.

A

Free Nerve Endings

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3
Q

Nociception constitutes an _________ ________ _______ from discriminative perception and thermoception.

A

anatomically distinct modality

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4
Q

Where do the nerve cell bodies of nociceptors reside?

A

Dorsal Root Ganglion (like mechanosensors)

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5
Q

What are the two classifications of nociceptors?

A

Conduction velocity of AP’s

Conduction velocity and modality

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6
Q

What are the two types of fibers for classifying conduction velocity?

A

A-Delta fibers

C fibers

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7
Q

Conduct at about 20 m/s

Associated with sharp, first pain

A

A-Delta fibers

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8
Q

Conduct at about 2 m/s

Associated with dull, slow pain

A

C fibers

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9
Q

What are the three types bases on conduction velocity and modality?

A

A-Delta mechanosensitive
A-Delta Mehcanothermal
C polymodal

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10
Q

Sensitive to chemicals

Low sensitivity to temperature

A

A-delta mechanosensitive

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11
Q

Wide variety of stimuli

A

C polymodal

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12
Q

Sensitive to mechanical stimuli and temperature.

A

A-Delta mechanothermal

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13
Q

What is the major central pain pathway?

A

Spinothalamic Tract

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14
Q

Pain fibers are associated with ____________ _____________ of pain.

A

discriminative aspect

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15
Q

What is discriminative aspect?

A

Location, intensity, and quality from body

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16
Q

Overview of Major Central Pain Pathway

A

Enter via dorsal tract of Lissauer
Ascend a couple of spinal segments
Penetrate gray matter and synapse with targets in several of Rexed’s laminae.
Axons ascend via anterolateral tract (continuing into the brain) via the spinothalamic tract to the thalamus
Synapse on 3rd order neurons in thalamus, which project to post-central gyrus (somatosensory cortex)

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17
Q

Describe the location of the termini A-delta and C fibers in the Rexed’s laminae.

A

Where C fibers are located is different than where A-Delta fibers are located in talking about the location of the termini.

18
Q

How many layers are in the Rexed’s laminae?

A

Six

19
Q

The affective motivational pathway is the parts of the pain system that convey? (2)

A

Unpleasantness of Pain

Fear and anxiety associated with pain

20
Q

Affective, motivational pathway can activate what kind of response?

A

Fight or Flight

21
Q

The affective, motivational pathway is characterized by branches to __________

A 
Reticular Formation (not effective)
Amgydala and hypothalamus
22
Q

What is the reticular formation associated with?

A

Attention

23
Q

What does TRP stand for?

A

Transient Receptor Potential Channels

24
Q

What are two different types of TRP channels?

A

Vannilloid Receptors and Vannilloid-Like Receptors

25
Q

What receptor is activated by heat (45 C) and capasaicin?

A

Vanilloid Receptors

26
Q

What receptor is activated by higher heat (52 C) but NOT capasaicin?

A

Vanilloid Like Receptors

27
Q

What receptors are found both in A-Delta and C fibers?

A

Vanilloid Receptors

28
Q

What receptors are found in A-Delta fibers?

A

Vanilloid-Like Receptors

29
Q

What does TRP channels involve in?

A

Signal Transduction

30
Q

TRP Channels

A

6 TM Domains
Pore forming domain b/w 5 & 6
Conduct Na+ and Ca2+

31
Q

TRP Channels are similar to?

A

cNMP-gated channels or v-g K+ channels

32
Q

Capsaicin

A

Lipid soluble interacts with intercellular domain

33
Q

Heat

A

Activates TRP channel

34
Q

Proteins, Capsaicin, Heat

A

Activates channel. Hot and burning sensation.

35
Q

What happens when nociceptor is activated?

A

Depolarized. If sufficient depolarization then will have an action potential(s)

36
Q

Increased sensitivity to stimulation in an area of damaged tissue

A

Hyperalgesia

37
Q

Hyperalgesia is resulting from ?

A

Sensitization

38
Q

Increased responsiveness of nociceptors caused by various chemical substances released by injured tissue

A

Sensitization

39
Q

What are the two kinds of sensitization?

A

Central and Peripheral

40
Q

Example of hyperalgesia?

A

Bruise

41
Q

Increased responsiveness –> increased activity of nociceptors stimulates the release of substances –> Release of histamine –> Histamine increases responsiveness of nociceptive receptor endings.

A

Peripheral Sensitization

42
Q

What type of feedback loop is peripheral sensitization?

A

Positive Feedback Loop

Neurobiology (4 decks)

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