pain

Question 1

2 types of pain

Answer 1

nociceptive neuropathic

Question 2

nociceptive pain

Answer 2

chemical on pain receptor somatic or visceral

Question 3

somatic pain

Answer 3

pain in joints, muscles, skin

Question 4

visceral pain

Answer 4

organs ( tumors/obstruction)

Question 5

neuropathic pain

Answer 5

no receptor, pain from nerves

Question 6

western medicine is good a treating what type of pain

Answer 6

nociceptive pain

Question 7

eastern medicine is good at treating what type of pain

Answer 7

neuropathic

Question 8

endorphins

Answer 8

inhibit transmission of pain impulses in the spinal cord and brain by binding to opioid receptors

Question 9

enkephalin

Answer 9

a weaker analgesic but more potent and longer lasting that synthetic opioids

Question 10

dynorphin

Answer 10

generally inhabit pain signals but can also stir up pain

Question 11

It is TRUE that the specificity theory of pain:

Answer 11

relates the amount of pain to the amount of soft tissue injury.

Question 12

Which pair of structures regulates the complex emotional responses to pain?

Answer 12

limbic and reticular system

Question 13

Which activity has been documented to increase the levels of circulating endogenous endorphins?

Answer 13

stress

Question 14

The appropriate definition of perceptual dominance is:

Answer 14

pain at one location may increase a threshold at another location

Question 15

The appropriate term for pain that is present in an area distant from its point of origin is:

Answer 15

referred pain

Question 16

A mechanism that does not result in heat loss is:

Answer 16

vasoconstriction

Question 17

A benefit of fever to human blood includes:

Answer 17

a switch to lipolysis and proteolysis.

Question 18

A patient who was outside on a summer day and is now experiencing increased sweating and thirst, weakness, and dizziness is exhibiting signs of:

Answer 18

heat exhaustion

Question 19

A 55-year-old obese male presents to a sleep clinic complaining of difficulty sleeping. He reports that he wakes gasping for air and his wife is ready to divorce him because his snoring keeps her up at night. Which is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?

Answer 19

Obstructive sleep apnea

Question 20

Involuntary unilateral or bilateral rhythmic movement of the eyes is referred to as:

Answer 20

nystagmus

Question 21

A young child presents with redness of the eyes. The parents indicate that this condition seems to be ‘going around’ the daycare. Which is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 21

conjuntivitis

Question 22

Which type of hearing loss is a result of foreign body obstruction of the inner ear?

Answer 22

Sensorineural

Question 23

function of Small c fibers

Answer 23

open pain gate

Question 24

function of Large A fibers

Answer 24

close pain gates

Question 25

somatic pain

Answer 25

well localized

Question 26

perceptual dominance

Answer 26

one pain overrides/hides another pain

Question 27

hyperalgesia

Answer 27

exagerated pain perception after stimulus

Question 28

allodynia

Answer 28

pain perception w/o transduction(stimulus)

Question 29

stabismus

Answer 29

lazy eye

Question 30

diplopia

Answer 30

double vision

Question 31

nystagmus

Answer 31

eye shaking back and forth

Question 32

myopia

Answer 32

nearsightedness can't see far

Question 33

hyperopia

Answer 33

farsightedness can't see near

Question 34

oititis externa

Answer 34

infection outside the eardrum

Question 35

otitis media

Answer 35

inflammed tympanic membrane

Question 36

anomic/amnesia aphasia

Answer 36

difficulty using the correcy names for particular objects, people, places, events (least pathologic)

Question 37

expressive aphasia

Answer 37

can understand language, difficulty in speech or writing

Question 38

receptive aphasia

Answer 38

difficulty understand spoken/written language can speak fine

Question 39

global aphasia

Answer 39

loss of almost all language function including comprehension and expression most pathologic

Question 40

cause of expressive aphasia

Answer 40

ischemia or damage to Brocca's area

Question 41

cause of receptive aphasia

Answer 41

Ischemia or damage to Wernicke's area

Question 42

which posturing has the worst prognosis? why?

Answer 42

decerebrate b/c in the brainstem

Question 43

in the gate control therory of pain? | (mc)

Answer 43

stimulation of large A fibers "closes the gate"

Question 44

huntington disease

Answer 44

increase muscle tone

Question 45

rigidity

Answer 45

tonic reflex activity

Question 46

parkinson disease characteristic

Answer 46

flexed forward leaning

Question 47

senile posture characteristic

Answer 47

frontal lobe dysfucntion

Question 48

Pinhole-sized pupils can be a result of an overdose of:

Answer 48

opiates

Question 49

A patient who reports a loss of childhood memories is describing a characteristic of:

Answer 49

anterograde amnesia

Question 50

A patient who is experiencing a loss of comprehension or the production of language is described as having:

Answer 50

dysphagia

Question 51

A patient who fell and hit his head 2 days ago is now restless and irritable. This scenario is characteristic of:

Answer 51

dilireum

Question 52

It is TRUE that Alzheimer disease is:

Answer 52

a result of neuronal proteins becoming distorted and tangled

Question 53

The term used to describe a patient who sustains a cerebrovascular accident and is paralyzed on the left side is:

Answer 53

hemiplegia

Question 54

epidural hematoma what vessels?

Answer 54

arteriol

Question 55

sundural hematoma what blood vessels?

Answer 55

venous

Question 56

in blunt head trauma: | (mc)

Answer 56

the dura remains in tact

Question 57

in car accident, an individual's forehead struck the windshield. the coup/countercoup injury would be in the

Answer 57

frontal/occipital region

Question 58

The person at highest risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI) is: mc

Answer 58

African American and economically disadvantaged

Question 59

The most common cause of TBI is: mc

Answer 59

MVA

Question 60

A trauma patient diagnosed with a brain contusion experiences changes in attention, memory, affect, and emotion. In which region of the brain is the contusion most likely located? mc

Answer 60

frontal

Question 61

An elderly alcoholic man falls and experiences a hematoma that is on the top of his brain. The hematoma is most likely a: mc

Answer 61

subdural

Question 62

A 23-year-old patient is hit in the temporal portion of his skull during an altercation. Although he initially loses consciousness, he soon awakens and is conversant. Three hours later he is experiencing vomiting, drowsiness, and confusion. These symptoms are most likely related to which type of brain injury? mc

Answer 62

epidural

Question 63

A patient experiences a vertebral fracture in which the C1 vertebra is fractured into several fragments. This type of fracture can be described as: mc

Answer 63

comminuted

Question 64

It is TRUE that spinal shock: mc

Answer 64

involves all spinal muscles

Question 65

A patient is experiencing pain that courses over the buttocks and into the calf and ankle. This is suggestive of a herniated disc at which vertebral level? mc

Answer 65

lumbar

Question 66

It is true that an acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is: mc

Answer 66

the leading cause of disability in the United States.

Question 67

It is TRUE that a hemorrhagic stroke: mc

Answer 67

commonly caused by hypertension

Question 68

It is correct to assume that a subarachnoid hemorrhage is: mc

Answer 68

a risk for individuals with an intracranial aneurysm.

Question 69

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding grading of the astrocytoma? mc

Answer 69

Grades III and IV are treated with surgery.

Question 70

It is correct to assume that Grade III and Grade IV astrocytomas are: mc

Answer 70

commonly found in the frontal lobe and cerebral hemisphere.

Question 71

It is TRUE that an oligodendroglioma: mc

Answer 71

rarely includes cysts or calcifications.

Question 72

Which is TRUE regarding metastatic tumors that are located in the brain?

Answer 72

Carcinomas are disseminated to the brain from the circulation.

Question 73

Which is TRUE regarding meningitis? mc

Answer 73

Tubercular meningitis has a 90% recovery rate, if diagnosised early. Correct

Question 74

It is TRUE that encephalitis is: mc

Answer 74

a result of arthropod borne viruses.

Question 75

A patient experiences demyelination of the peripheral nerves with sparing of the axons. This is characteristic of: mc

Answer 75

Guillain Barre

Question 76

what makes a hemorrhagic stroke more fatal?

Answer 76

BBB compromized

Question 77

most treatable meningitis?

Answer 77

bacterial

Question 78

most fatal meningitis?

Answer 78

aseptic (viral)

Question 79

fungal meningitis

Answer 79

can last whole life

Question 80

2 pathological findings to determine Alzheimer's

Answer 80

Tau protein tangles amyloid pleaques

Question 81

parkinson's deases involves degeneration of what?

Answer 81

basal ganglia therefore less dopamine is made