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patho test #2 > pain > Flashcards

pain Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of pain

A

nociceptive neuropathic

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2
Q

nociceptive pain

A

chemical on pain receptor somatic or visceral

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3
Q

somatic pain

A

pain in joints, muscles, skin

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4
Q

visceral pain

A

organs ( tumors/obstruction)

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5
Q

neuropathic pain

A

no receptor, pain from nerves

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6
Q

western medicine is good a treating what type of pain

A

nociceptive pain

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7
Q

eastern medicine is good at treating what type of pain

A

neuropathic

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8
Q

endorphins

A

inhibit transmission of pain impulses in the spinal cord and brain by binding to opioid receptors

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9
Q

enkephalin

A

a weaker analgesic but more potent and longer lasting that synthetic opioids

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10
Q

dynorphin

A

generally inhabit pain signals but can also stir up pain

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11
Q

It is TRUE that the specificity theory of pain:

A

relates the amount of pain to the amount of soft tissue injury.

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12
Q

Which pair of structures regulates the complex emotional responses to pain?

A

limbic and reticular system

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13
Q

Which activity has been documented to increase the levels of circulating endogenous endorphins?

A

stress

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14
Q

The appropriate definition of perceptual dominance is:

A

pain at one location may increase a threshold at another location

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15
Q

The appropriate term for pain that is present in an area distant from its point of origin is:

A

referred pain

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16
Q

A mechanism that does not result in heat loss is:

A

vasoconstriction

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17
Q

A benefit of fever to human blood includes:

A

a switch to lipolysis and proteolysis.

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18
Q

A patient who was outside on a summer day and is now experiencing increased sweating and thirst, weakness, and dizziness is exhibiting signs of:

A

heat exhaustion

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19
Q

A 55-year-old obese male presents to a sleep clinic complaining of difficulty sleeping. He reports that he wakes gasping for air and his wife is ready to divorce him because his snoring keeps her up at night. Which is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

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20
Q

Involuntary unilateral or bilateral rhythmic movement of the eyes is referred to as:

A

nystagmus

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21
Q

A young child presents with redness of the eyes. The parents indicate that this condition seems to be ‘going around’ the daycare. Which is the most likely diagnosis?

A

conjuntivitis

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22
Q

Which type of hearing loss is a result of foreign body obstruction of the inner ear?

A

Sensorineural

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23
Q

function of Small c fibers

A

open pain gate

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24
Q

function of Large A fibers

A

close pain gates

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25
Q

somatic pain

A

well localized

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26
Q

perceptual dominance

A

one pain overrides/hides another pain

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27
Q

hyperalgesia

A

exagerated pain perception after stimulus

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28
Q

allodynia

A

pain perception w/o transduction(stimulus)

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29
Q

stabismus

A

lazy eye

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30
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

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31
Q

nystagmus

A

eye shaking back and forth

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32
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

can’t see far

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33
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

can’t see near

34
Q

oititis externa

A

infection outside the eardrum

35
Q

otitis media

A

inflammed tympanic membrane

36
Q

anomic/amnesia aphasia

A

difficulty using the correcy names for particular objects, people, places, events

(least pathologic)

37
Q

expressive aphasia

A

can understand language, difficulty in speech or writing

38
Q

receptive aphasia

A

difficulty understand spoken/written language

can speak fine

39
Q

global aphasia

A

loss of almost all language function including comprehension and expression

most pathologic

40
Q

cause of expressive aphasia

A

ischemia or damage to Brocca’s area

41
Q

cause of receptive aphasia

A

Ischemia or damage to Wernicke’s area

42
Q

which posturing has the worst prognosis?

why?

A

decerebrate

b/c in the brainstem

43
Q

in the gate control therory of pain?

(mc)

A

stimulation of large A fibers “closes the gate”

44
Q

huntington disease

A

increase muscle tone

45
Q

rigidity

A

tonic reflex activity

46
Q

parkinson disease characteristic

A

flexed forward leaning

47
Q

senile posture characteristic

A

frontal lobe dysfucntion

48
Q

Pinhole-sized pupils can be a result of an overdose of:

A

opiates

49
Q

A patient who reports a loss of childhood memories is describing a characteristic of:

A

anterograde amnesia

50
Q

A patient who is experiencing a loss of comprehension or the production of language is described as having:

A

dysphagia

51
Q

A patient who fell and hit his head 2 days ago is now restless and irritable. This scenario is characteristic of:

A

dilireum

52
Q

It is TRUE that Alzheimer disease is:

A

a result of neuronal proteins becoming distorted and tangled

53
Q

The term used to describe a patient who sustains a cerebrovascular accident and is paralyzed on the left side is:

A

hemiplegia

54
Q

epidural hematoma

what vessels?

A

arteriol

55
Q

sundural hematoma

what blood vessels?

A

venous

56
Q

in blunt head trauma:

(mc)

A

the dura remains in tact

57
Q

in car accident, an individual’s forehead struck the windshield. the coup/countercoup injury would be in the

A

frontal/occipital region

58
Q

The person at highest risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI) is:

mc

A

African American and economically disadvantaged

59
Q

The most common cause of TBI is:

mc

A

MVA

60
Q

A trauma patient diagnosed with a brain contusion experiences changes in attention, memory, affect, and emotion. In which region of the brain is the contusion most likely located?

mc

A

frontal

61
Q

An elderly alcoholic man falls and experiences a hematoma that is on the top of his brain. The hematoma is most likely a:

mc

A

subdural

62
Q

A 23-year-old patient is hit in the temporal portion of his skull during an altercation. Although he initially loses consciousness, he soon awakens and is conversant. Three hours later he is experiencing vomiting, drowsiness, and confusion. These symptoms are most likely related to which type of brain injury?

mc

A

epidural

63
Q

A patient experiences a vertebral fracture in which the C1 vertebra is fractured into several fragments. This type of fracture can be described as:

mc

A

comminuted

64
Q

It is TRUE that spinal shock:

mc

A

involves all spinal muscles

65
Q

A patient is experiencing pain that courses over the buttocks and into the calf and ankle. This is suggestive of a herniated disc at which vertebral level?

mc

A

lumbar

66
Q

It is true that an acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is:

mc

A

the leading cause of disability in the United States.

67
Q

It is TRUE that a hemorrhagic stroke:

mc

A

commonly caused by hypertension

68
Q

It is correct to assume that a subarachnoid hemorrhage is:

mc

A

a risk for individuals with an intracranial aneurysm.

69
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding grading of the astrocytoma?

mc

A

Grades III and IV are treated with surgery.

70
Q

It is correct to assume that Grade III and Grade IV astrocytomas are:

mc

A

commonly found in the frontal lobe and cerebral hemisphere.

71
Q

It is TRUE that an oligodendroglioma:

mc

A

rarely includes cysts or calcifications.

72
Q

Which is TRUE regarding metastatic tumors that are located in the brain?

A

Carcinomas are disseminated to the brain from the circulation.

73
Q

Which is TRUE regarding meningitis?

mc

A

Tubercular meningitis has a 90% recovery rate, if diagnosised early. Correct

74
Q

It is TRUE that encephalitis is:

mc

A

a result of arthropod borne viruses.

75
Q

A patient experiences demyelination of the peripheral nerves with sparing of the axons. This is characteristic of:

mc

A

Guillain Barre

76
Q

what makes a hemorrhagic stroke more fatal?

A

BBB compromized

77
Q

most treatable meningitis?

A

bacterial

78
Q

most fatal meningitis?

A

aseptic (viral)

79
Q

fungal meningitis

A

can last whole life

80
Q

2 pathological findings to determine Alzheimer’s

A

Tau protein tangles

amyloid pleaques

81
Q

parkinson’s deases involves degeneration of what?

A

basal ganglia

therefore less dopamine is made

82
Q
A

patho test #2 (3 decks)

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