Pain 2

Question 1

Factors Influencing Pain: Physiological -

Answer 1

Age; Fatigue; Genes; Neurological function

Question 2

Factors Influencing Pain: Social -

Answer 2

Attention, Pervious Experience, Family and social support

Question 3

Factors Influencing Pain: Spiritual -

Answer 3

patient might have spiritual distress, don’t ignore, important to patient, can call chaplain

Question 4

Factors Influencing Pain: Psychological -

Answer 4

anxiety, coping styles

Question 5

Factors Influencing Pain: Cultural -

Answer 5

meaning of pain, ethnicity

Question 6

Age Factor Influencing Pain

Answer 6

pain in infant/old adult - not the same because they can’t communicate as effectively

Question 7

Fatigue Factor Influencing Pain

Answer 7

pain more prevalent

Question 8

Gene Factor Influencing Pain

Answer 8

passed on from parents about pain threshold

Question 9

Neurological Function Factor Influencing Pain

Answer 9

disruption in cognitive or psych ability will alter perception of pain

Question 10

Attention Factor Influencing Pain

Answer 10

can make pain worse

Question 11

Previous experience Factor Influencing Pain

Answer 11

because patient did okay first time then okay for second time, but if bad experience then not as open to it again

Question 12

Anxiety Factor Influencing Pain

Answer 12

increases perception of pain, don’t have to treat both, handle one at a time

Question 13

Coping styles Factor Influencing Pain

Answer 13

internal/external locus of control; family can project it to you; not angry at you, just patient coping mechanism

Question 14

Meaning of Pain Factor Influencing Pain

Answer 14

some cultures might see pain as punishment

Question 15

Ethnicity

Answer 15

ex. Africain American can be more dramatic

Question 16

fear will

Answer 16

intensify pain

Question 17

PGA -

Answer 17

lets patient control pain medication

Question 18

Client’s expression of pain –

Answer 18

Single most reliable indicator of the existence and intensity of pain and any related discomfort is whatever the patient says it is

Question 19

characteristics of pain:

Answer 19

onset and duration, location, intensity, quality, pattern, relief measure, relief measures, contributing symptoms, behavior effects, influence on ADLS, client expectations

Question 20

onset and duration

Answer 20

ask when, how long, how often, etc.

Question 21

location

Answer 21

point to where it hurts

Question 22

superficial pain -

Answer 22

stimulation of skin; short duration; localized; sharp

Question 23

deeper visceral pain -

Answer 23

stimulation of internal organs; diffuse; radiating; duration varies; sharp or dull

Question 24

referred pain -

Answer 24

perception of pain is in an unaffected area; may assume any characteristic

Question 25

radiated pain -

Answer 25

sensation extends from initial site to another; pain travels along body parts; may be intermittent or constant (as with MI)

Question 26

intensity -

Answer 26

mild-moderate-severe; most subjective & most useful characteristic for reporting pain; use descriptive scales is more objective (visual analog scale, verbal descriptor scale, numerical scale)

Question 27

numerical scale

Answer 27

most common 0 -10, ten worst pain; when document write as fraction so if pain is 6 then write 6/10

Question 28

quality -

Answer 28

subjective; no specific vocabulary to describe pain; use client’s own words

Question 29

pattern -

Answer 29

precipitating or aggravating

Question 30

relief measures -

Answer 30

what makes it better

Question 31

contributing symptoms -

Answer 31

depression, anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, etc.

Question 32

behavioral effects -

Answer 32

lifestyle; verbalization; non-verbal cues

Question 33

influence on ADLS -

Answer 33

hygiene, sexual relations, job, social activities

Question 34

client expectations -

Answer 34

ask “what is an accepted level of pain”

Question 35

A-B-C’s of Pain Management

Answer 35

Ask, believe, choose, deliver, empower

Question 36

A =

Answer 36

ask - about pain regularly; assess pain systematically

Question 37

B =

Answer 37

believe - the client / family in their report of pain & what relieves it

Question 38

C =

Answer 38

choose - pain control options appropriate for client, family & setting

Question 39

D =

Answer 39

deliver - interventions in timely, logical, and coordinated fashion

Question 40

E =

Answer 40

empower - clients / families; enable them control to greatest extent possible