Pain Flashcards
Cutaneous pain
skin or subcut tissue pain
Deep somatic pain
localized achy and tender possible muscle or ligament
Visceral pain
deep internal pain usually intestines
Radiating pain
extends out from source
Referred pain
pain is in a different spot from the source
Phantom pain
something that is not there hurts(amputation)
Psychogenic pain
pain w/o cause
Types of causes of pain
Nociceptive - injury to body tissue
Neuropathic - nerve damage
Types of pain duration
acute - short term
chronic - regular/long term
intractible - highly resistant to relief methods
Transduction
activation of nociceptors (sensory nerve cells) by stimuli
Highest and lowest nociceptor places
Highest - skin
Lowest - internal organs
Most frequent cause of pain
inflammation
Transmission
conduction of pain message to spinal cord
Pain perception
Threshold - how much stimulus someone can take before its painful
Tolerance - how long someone is willing to endure pain
Hyperalgesia - extreme sensitivity to pain
Pain modulation
Endogenous Algeria system - binds to receptors inhibiting pain impulses
Gate control - changing how pain interacts generally at site(if non painful stimuli is more prominent it will override pain)
Body reaction to pain
(Basically long term fight or flight)
Endocrine: hormones
Cardio: Hr, Bp, hyper coagulation up
Musculoskeletal: fatigue, immobility, function down
Resp: Slower resp
Genitourinary: urine down
Gasgtrointestinal: slower/down
Nonpharm pain measures
TENS
PENS
SCS
Acupuncture
massage
heat/cold
contralateral stimulation
oral sucrose
immobilization
Cognitive-behavioral
Pharm pain measures
nonopioid analgesics - NSAIDs, acetaminophen
adjuvant analgesics - other purposes but help
opioid analgesics - controlled
Chemical pain measures
Nerve blocks
Epidural injection
Local anesthesia
Topical anesthesia
