Pain Flashcards
Pain Thershold
When stim is percieved as painful
Pain Tolerance
amount of pain u can stand
Noceciption
activation of pain fibers
Noceiptors
respond to pain stim
Perceptual Dominance
Pain felt in more than 1 location (can be more painful certain areas than others)
General Somatic Afferent Neurons
receptors throughout body that sense pain (basic touch)
Special Somatic Afferent Neurons
sense/position movements (muscle, joints, tendons)
General Visceral Afferent Neurons
fullness/discomfort (internal organs)
Pain Transmission
1st order neuron: pain stim is transported to spinal cord
2nd order neuron: stim is transported to thalamus (vague idea of what happened)
3rd order: pain is transported from tha to somatosensory cortex (know exactly what happen and respond to pain)
Gate Theory
- Small fibers go through gate: pain is transmitted
- Large fibers don’t cross, sensation is percieved as less painful
Cutaneous Pain
superficial somatic (sharp/buring) on skin surface
Deep Somatic
deep body structures (achy) joints, muscles due to pressure injury
Visceral
internal organs: vague, not localized, squeezing -> vomit, nausea, pallor
Referred Pain
percieved @ different site than orgin bc of connecting nerves that confuse the brain
Neuropathic
lesions that injure peripheral receptors or nerves, spontaneous pain(shooting, burning, pins and needles)
Trigeminal Neuralgia
pain in face
CRPS
inflammation due to fracture/casts
Cancer
pain that’s acute or chronic
Acute Pain
injuries, trauma, disease (sharp/cutting to tissue damage) abnormal vitals due to body not knowing how to respond
Chronic Pain
physilogic, occurs w/ or w/out tissue damage,
-no vital changes (body knows how to respond),
-behavior changes: low app, depression, sleeping trouble
Effects of Unrelieved Pain
- endocrine hormone issues
- metaboic
- cardivascular: high HR
- Res: low res
- Urine: low or retention
- Gastro: low bowel
- Muscle fatigue
- poor Cognition
- Depressed immune response
- Future pain
- Behavior changes (devlop)
- poor quality of life
Pain in Elderly
- high costs
- low activty
- risk for falls
- impaired appetipte
- difficuly sleeping
- low cog function
Asess pain
-dermatones: numbess, pain, tingling, loss of sense, rash
Treat Pain w/
- Heating Pad: vasodilat, high blood flow, low swelling
- Cold therapy: lowers blood flow and swelling
- distract/relax
- accupuncture, biofeedback
- TENS.neurostim
