Pain

Question 1

What modalities are associated with the gate control pain theory?

Answer 1

Massage, heat and cold, acupuncture, TENS

Question 2

How does past experience with pain influence current pain experience?

Answer 2

The more pain experienced in childhood, the greater is the perception of pain in adulthood or with the current pain experience.

Question 3

What modalities are thought to increase the production of endogenous opiates?

Answer 3

Acupuncture
Administration of placebos
TENS

Question 4

What six factors should the nurse include when assessing the pain experience?

Answer 4

Location, intensity, comfort measures, quality, chronology, and subjective view of pain.

Question 5

What mechanism is involved int eh reduction of pain through the administration of NSAIDs?

Answer 5

NSAIDs act via a peripheral mechanism at the level of damaged tissue by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and other chemical mediators involved in pain transmission.

Question 6

If narcotic agonist/antagonist drugs are administered to a client already taking narcotic drugs, what may be the result?

Answer 6

Initiation of withdrawal symptoms.

Question 7

List four side effects of narcotic medications.

Answer 7

Nausea/vomiting
Constipation
CNS depression
Respiratory depression

Question 8

What is the antidote for narcotic-induced respiratory depression?

Answer 8

Narcan

Question 9

What is the first sign of tolerance to pain analgesics?

Answer 9

Decreased duration of drug effectiveness.

Question 10

Which route of administration for pain medications has the quickest onset and the shortest duration?

Answer 10

Intravenous push or bolus

Question 11

List the six modalities that are considered noninvasive, nonpharmacologic pain relief measures.

Answer 11

Heat and cold applications
TENS
Massage
Distraction
Relaxation techniques
Biofeedback techniques