Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Question 1

List four common causes of fluid volume deficit.

Answer 1

GI causes:
Vomiting
Diarrhea
GI suctioning
Decrease in fluid intake
Increase in fluid output such as sweating
Massive edema
Ascites

Question 2

List four common causes of fluid volume overload.

Answer 2

Heart Failure
Renal failure
Cirrhosis
Excess ingestion of table salt or overhydration with sodium-containing fluids

Question 3

Identify two examples of isotonic IV fluids.

Answer 3

LR
NS

Question 4

List three systems that maintain acid-base balance.

Answer 4

Lungs
Kidneys
Chemical buffers

Question 5

Cite the normal ABGs for:
pH
Pco2
HCO3

Answer 5

pH 7.35-7.45
Pco2 35-45
HCO3 21-28

Question 6

Determine the following acid-base disorders:
pH 7.50, Pco2 30, HCO3 28
pH 7.30, Po2 42, HCO3 20
pH 7.48, Po2 42, HCO3 32
pH 7.29, Po2 55, HCO3 28

Answer 6

Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis