PAIN

Question 1

List the chemical mediators released during this transduction that make up the inflammatory soup

Answer 1

prostaglanins
substance P
histamine
bradykinins
serotonin
potassium

Question 2

list the 3 phases that occur during transmission

Answer 2

injury site to SC
SC to brainstem
thalamus to cortex

Question 3

list the 4 things involved with perception

Answer 3

RAS
somatosensory system
limbic system
cortical structures

Question 4

describe A delta nerve fibres

Answer 4

fast
thin
meylinated
large
sharp pain

Question 5

describe C fibres

Answer 5

slow
small
unmyelinated
dull pain

Question 6

describe a beta fibres

Answer 6

large
highly myelinated
light touch
gate theory

Question 7

list the 5 things involved with a pain assesment

Answer 7

initial assesment
assesment tools
goals of pain management
ongoing assesments
documention

Question 8

list the 3 uni dimensional pain assesment tools

Answer 8

numerical
visual analogue
verbal intensity

Question 9

list the 3 categories of pain medications

Answer 9

non opiods
opiods
adjuvant medications

Question 10

describe non opiod alalgesics

Answer 10

analgesic ceiling
no tolerance
no script needed (sometimes)

Question 11

all NSAIDs inhibit which enzyme

Answer 11

cyclooxygenase

Question 12

what does cyclooxygenase do?

Answer 12

converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins

Question 13

who should avoid NSAIDs

Answer 13

older people
CKD
peptic ulcer disease
hypertension
heart failure

Question 14

list the 3 primary opiod receptors in the body

Answer 14

mu
delta
kappa

Question 15

list the 4 steps in the nocicpetive pain response

Answer 15

transduction
transmission
perception
modulation

Question 16

what is involved in perception

Answer 16

RAS
somatosensory system
limbic
cortical

Question 17

list the 2 types of endogenous opiods

Answer 17

encephalins
endorphins

Question 18

allodynia

Answer 18

pain due to a stimulus that does not usually provoke pain

Question 19

OPQRSTUV

Answer 19

onset
provocation
quality
region
severity scale
treatment
understanding
values

Question 20

describe the sympathetics NS response to acute pain

Answer 20

increased HR
increased RR
increased BP
dilated pupils

Question 21

describe the parasympatheitcs NS response to persistant pain

Answer 21

normal vitals
dry warm skin
pupils sometimes dilated

Question 22

list the 3 antidepressant types that can help with pain too

Answer 22

tricyclic antidepressants
serotonin specific reptake inhibitors
serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors