PAI

Question 1

Theoretical considerations

Answer 1

Based on a construct validation framework

Articulate the constructs to be measured, then use empirical approaches to establish validity

Question 2

PAI purpose

Answer 2

To screen and measure personality and psychopathology

Clinical syndromes, interpersonal style, treatment considerations

Question 3

PAI unique features

Answer 3

Attempts to measure a continuum of pathology and positive attributes

Provides comparison with sample groups

Treatment considerations

Interpersonal scales

Question 4

Validity scales (4)

Answer 4

Inconsistency
Infrequency
Negative impression
Positive impression

Question 5

Clinical scales (11)

Answer 5

Somatic complaints
Anxiety
Anxiety related disorders
Depression
Mania
Paranoia
Schizophrenia
Borderline features
Antisocial features
Alcohol problems
Drug problems

Question 6

Treatment consideration scales (4 but technically 6)

Answer 6

Aggression
Suicidal ideation
Perception of environment (stress v nonsupport)
Treatment rejection

Question 7

Interpersonal scales (2)

Answer 7

Dominance
Warmth

Question 8

Level of T score significant interpretation

Answer 8

70+

Question 9

The skyline

Answer 9

Reference point for scores that are considered unusual in a clinical setting

Question 10

Construction norms (3)

Answer 10

General community
Clinical
College

Question 11

Interpretation process

Answer 11

Assessment of profile distortion (validity scales)
Determine frame of reference
Interpret individual scales
Interpret profile configuration

Question 12

ICN scale

Answer 12

Inconsistency

Deviation from conscientious responding, measures consistency of responses

73+ invalid

Question 13

INF scale

Answer 13

Infrequency

Deviation from conscientious responding
Random responding, careless, confusion, reading problems
Below 60 is good to go
Above 86 is invalid

Question 14

NIM

Answer 14

Negative impression
Impression management, suggests exaggerated or unfavorable impression
70-84 potential exaggeration of symptoms
85-92 cry for help or extreme negative view of self
Above 92 intentionality or possible malingering

Question 15

PIM

Answer 15

Positive impression
Impression management, presentation of favorable impression or relevance to admit minor flaws
Above 75 uncommon, desire to appear with no flaws
Close to or at 70 is quite normal

Question 16

SOM and sub scales

Answer 16

Somatic complaints

Sub:
Conversion
Somatization
Health concerns

Significant concerns about health, preoccupations with health

Question 17

ANX and sub scales

Answer 17

Anxiety

Sub:
Cognitive
Affective
Physiological

Stress, tense, low funtioning

Question 18

ARD and sub scales

Answer 18

Anxiety related disorders

Sub:
Obsessive-compulsive
Phobias
Traumatic stress

Maladaptive patterns to manage anxiety, impairment assoc with stress or fear

Question 19

DEP and subs

Answer 19

Depression

Sub:
Cognitive
Affective
Physiological

Unhappy, sensitive, self doubt, major depressive symptoms

Question 20

MAN and subs

Answer 20

Mania

Sub:
Activity level
Grandiosity
Irritability

Active, outgoing, restless, high energy, impulsive, flight of ideas

Question 21

PAR and subs

Answer 21

Paranoia

Sub:
Hyper vigilance
Persecution
Resentment

Sensitive, skeptical, cautious, suspicious, hostile, delusional

Question 22

SCZ and subs

Answer 22

Schizophrenia

Sub:
Psychotic experiences
Social detachment
Thought disorder

Withdrawn, unconventional, cautious, isolated, alienated, concentration, reality testing

Question 23

BOR and subs

Answer 23

Borderline features

Sub:
Affective instability
Identity problems
Negative relationships
Self harm

Moody, sensitive, relationship dysfunction, emotional, anxious, hostile, angry, depressed, borderline functioning

Question 24

ANT and subs

Answer 24

Antisocial features

Sub:
Antisocial behaviors
Egocentricity
Stimulus seeking

Self centered, risk taking, impulsive, hostile, history of behaviors, unreliable, little work success, self serving

Question 25

ALC

Answer 25

Alcohol problems Drinking regularly, adverse consequences to drinking

Question 26

DRG

Answer 26

Drug misuse, adverse consequences to drug misuse Both illicit and prescription

Question 27

AGG and subs

Answer 27

Aggression Sub: Aggressive attitude Verbal aggression Physical aggression Impatient, easily angered, chronologically angry, explosive, legal or work problems

Question 28

SUI

Answer 28

Suicide ideation Periodic thoughts of self harm, recurring thoughts, intense and recurring thoughts

Question 29

STR

Answer 29

Stress Perception of environment, stressed, has significant impact, worry and unhappiness, perceives oneself as surrounded by crises

Question 30

NON

Answer 30

Nonsupport Feeling low social support, few close relationships, dissatisfied, unavailability of support, family feels distant

Question 31

RXR

Answer 31

Treatment rejection Low scores reflect high motivation to change, high scores opposite

Question 32

DOM

Answer 32

Dominance Extent to which someone is controlling and independent in personal relationships (submissive to dominant on a continuum, low score are submissive and high are dominant)

Question 33

WRM

Answer 33

Warmth Extent to which someone is interested in supportive and empathic personal relationships Cold to need to be accepted on continuum, low scores are cold

Question 34

Profile configuration

Answer 34

Individual scale interpretation helps to know the profile Two point codes help to understand what pairs of elevations typically mean (2 highest scores on 11 clinical scales both have to be above 70)