Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pahd > Pahd2 > Flashcards

Pahd2 Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of ketosis

A

Increase blood glucose by drenching with propylene glycol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Causative agent of Johnes

A

Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is MAP resistant to gram staining

A

Cell wall contains lipids and mycolic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MAP can survive in the environment for how long and why

A

High lipid content = low permeability, resistance to temperature UV disinfection and dessication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causative agents of coccidiosis

A

Cattle: cryptosporidium parvum (crypto) and Eimeria genus
Sheep: Eimeria genus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Barbesia divergens Host

A

Tick - Ixodes ricinis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Barbesia divergens treatment

A

Imidocarb dispropionate and blood transfusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are protozoa

A

Eukaryotic unicellular consume bacteria 10-50μm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Grp 1 protozoa

A

Flagellates eg. Giardia sp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Grp. 2 protozoa

A

Amoebae (blob-like) eg. Entamoeba sp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Grp 3 protozoa

A

Sporozoans/Apicomplexa don’t move much eg Coccidia sp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Grp 4 protozoa

A

Ciliates eg. Balantidium sp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causative agents of infectious abortion

A

Toxoplasma gondii
Neospora caninum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a Trophozoite

A

Pathogenic stage of parasitic Protozoa: Active feeding, multiplying stage - growing and causing symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Binary fission of protozoa

A

Asexual reproduction 2 daughter cells formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Schizogony

A

Asexual reproduction
More than 2 daughter cells formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Protozoa reproduction

A

Most both asexual and sexual can occur in same host (cryptosporidium), different hosts (plasmodium), or same or different (Toxoplasma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pathology of cryptosporidium parvum

A

Mucosal changes: stunting swelling and fusion of villi
Activity of membrane bound enzymes affected - can no longer absorb efficiently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Overweight

A

Body composition where the levels of body fat exceed those considered optimal for good health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Obese

A

Being overweight to the extent that serious effects on the individuals health become likely (15-30% more than overweight)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Obesity risk factors

A

Gender neutering genetics age activity feeding diseases eg hyperthyroidism

22
Q

Obesity and adipose tissue

A

Adipose tissue is not an inert store of fat. Releases adipokines which influence satiety, insulin resistance and inflammatory modulators (constant proinflammatory state)

23
Q

What is laminitis

A

The laminae in the hoof swell up and put pressure on the inside of the hoof capsule causing lameness

24
Q

Principles of weight loss control

A
  1. Reduce calorie intake
  2. Increase exercise
  3. Recheck
25
Q

What is PPID

A

Degeneration and hyperplasia/hypertrophy of pars intermedia - results in raised cortisol levels

26
Q

HPA Axis

A

Hypothalamus secretes ACTH-RH into the blood. Moves down into the anterior pituitary gland where it triggers the Corticotropes to release ACTH. Travels down to the adrenal glands in the blood where it triggers the release of glucocorticoids (cortisol). Process regulated by short and long feedback loops based on [ACTH] in blood and [glucocorticoids]

27
Q

Common infections of ruminants

A

Bovine viral diarrhoea
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
Neosporosis
bTB

28
Q

Common infections for sheep

A

Footrot
Scab mite
Blowfly strike
Orf (parapox virus)

29
Q

Cattle oestrus cycle

A

Luteal phase (1-17): CL forms secretes progesterone
Follicular phase (18-21): CL regresses, pre-ovulatory follicle emerges secreting oestradiol - causes oestrus behaviour
Ovulation: matured follicle is released in response to LH

30
Q

Reproductive disorders

A

Follicular cysts: thin walled fluid filled structure persists for 10+ days on ovary
Cystic ovarian disease: failed ovulation due to hormonal abnormalities (↓LH, ↑E2)
Delayed ovulation: 26-28hrs after LH surge
Persistent CL: due to ↓ PGF2a secretion.

31
Q

Mastitis tests

A

Foremilking
Observation & palpation of the udder
California Mastitis test
SSC
PCR testing

32
Q

Glucocorticoid actions

A

Necessary for certain reactions eg.releases Epinephrine and glucagon
Maintains BP
Anti inflammatory effects
Immunosuppressive effect,
Inhibits DNA synthesis
Increases plasma glucose: stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
Stimulates degradation of fats and proteins

33
Q

PPID symptoms

A

Hypertrichosis Alpha-MSH
Muscle loss Increased gluconeogene.
Lethargy
Immunosuppression increased cortisol
Laminitis insulin dysregulation
Polyuria/polydipsia cortisol inhibits ADH
Bulging supraorbital fat pad

34
Q

Equine metabolic syndrome

A

Obesity and insulin resistance associated with inflammation and pro oxidative state
Increased degeneration of dopaminergic neurons

35
Q

PPID tests

A

Resting ACTH levels (+ve >35/47)
TR stimulation test (+ve >110)

36
Q

PPID treatment

A

Pergolide mimics action of dopamine
Euthanasia

37
Q

What is gumboro

A

Tropism for lymphoid tissue - destruction of lymph cells within the cloacal bursa, tonsils and spleen

38
Q

Gumboro transmission

A

Aerosol, feed, eggs

39
Q

Gumboro clinical signs

A

Thickened bursa, compromises B cell development

40
Q

Marek’s disease clinical signs

A

Infiltration of CNS - paralysis of legs wings and neck
Tumours heart ovary muscle lungs
Enlarged nerves

41
Q

Marek’s disease transmission

A

Aerosol

42
Q

Necrotic Enteritis causative agent

A

Clostridium perfringens

43
Q

Necrotic Enteritis transmission

A

Faecal oral

44
Q

Necrotic Enteritis clinical signs

A

Anorexia, dark scour, depression
Post mortem: SI lesions, gram +ve bacteria in mucosal gut smear

45
Q

Newcastle disease virus agent

A

Avian paramyxovirus-1

46
Q

NDV Strains

A

Lentogenic
Mesogenic
Neurotrophic velogenic - nervous signs
Viscerotropic velogenic - lesions in SI

47
Q

F glycoprotein

A

Enables fusion and entry
Synthesized as inactive precursor - cleaved by host cell proteases to active form

48
Q

Haemagglutinin/Neuraminidase (H/N)

A

Enables virus attachment to cell receptor

49
Q

NDV clinical signs

A

Diarrhoea, odema of the head, nervous signs, egg malformation

50
Q

Avian Influenza agent

A

Othomyxoviridae: Influenza A virus

51
Q

Why is influenza A prone to genetic changes

A

On point mutations occur every 10,000 nucleotides this results in antigenic drift.
Genome reassortment occurs when two stains infect the same cell due to the segmented genome.

52
Q

HPAI strains

A

H5 and H7 - 100% Mort. 72hrs

Pahd (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions