Pages: 67-78 (Principles of Chiropractic) Flashcards by Danny Rufus

Who is associated with the activator technique?

a. D.D. Palmer
b. Fuhr
c. Korr
d. Hadley

b. Fuhr

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Which type of sensory receptors are like golgi tendon organs and found in ligaments of joints in the appendicular skeleton?

a. Type I mechanoreceptors
b. Type II mechanoreceptors
c. Type III mechanoreceptors
d. Type IV mechanoreceptors

c. Type III mechanoreceptors

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Ruffini endings that transmit heavy touch sensation and pressure receptors are known as?

a. thermoreceptors
b. (cutaneous) type II mechanoreceptors
c. baroreceptors
d. chemoreceptors

b. (cutaneous) type II mechanoreceptors

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Which is not a function of the chemoreceptors?

a. detection of chemicals in mouth
b. detection of chemicals in the nose
c. monitors chemicals of the blood
d. maintains normal blood pressure

d. maintains normal blood pressure

- Baroreceptors maintain normal blood pressure

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Which of the following is not a pathomechanical state?

a. disc degeneration
b. arthrosis
c. stereognosis
d. spondylolisthesis

c. stereognosis

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Which is not involved with the medial lemniscus system?

a. touch
b. vibration
c. proprioception
d. temperature

d. temperature

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Conscious control of skeletal muscles is not by which of the following?

a. lateral corticospinal tract
b. anterior corticospinal tract
c. spinothalamic tract
d. corticobulbar tract

c. spinothalamic tract

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Which of the following is not true of pyramidal tracts?

a. involuntary
b. motor
c. descending
d. voluntary

a. involuntary

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All of the following are pyramidal tracts except:

a. anteriolateral
b. lateral corticospinal
c. corticobulbar
d. anterior corticospinal

a. anteriolateral

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According to the Gate control theory of pain, which of the following enhances the feeling of pain?

a. chemoreceptors
b. nociceptor
c. type I mechanoreceptors
d. type II mechanoreceptors

b. nociceptor

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Brainstem ischemia can be caused a cervical rotary break if someone has _____?

a. SLE
b. DJD
c. osteopoikilosis
d. Parkinson’s disease

b. DJD

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Who showed how axoplasmic transport could be lessened with a certain amount of pressure on a nerve?

a. B.J. Palmer
b. Sjostrand
c. Harrison
d. Hippocrates

b. Sjostrand

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Brainstem ischemia can be caused by?

a. osteophytes
b. SLE
c. Reiter’s syndrome
d. Shingles

a. osteophytes

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Which of the following is a contraindication to cryotherapy?

a. fever
b. burns
c. acute injury
d. hypertension

d. hypertension

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The thalamus is not responsible for which of the following?

a. sight
b. hearing
c. smell
d. taste

c. smell

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Which ligament limits cervical rotation and has attachments at the occipital condyles and at the dens?

a. anterior longitudinal ligament
b. alar ligament
c. posterior longitudinal ligament
d. ligamentum nuchae

b. alar ligament

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Which of the following is false regarding the posterior longitudinal ligament?

a. It is wider at the superior portion.
b. It aids in the prevention of disc herniation or protrusion.
c. It is thickest in the thoracic spine.
d. It resists hyperextension of vertebral column.

d. It resists hyperextension of vertebral column.

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The force found between the resistance and fulcrum in which most common kind of lever(s)?

a. 1st class lever
b. 2nd class lever
c. 3rd class lever
d. 1st class and 2nd class levers

c. 3rd class lever

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Conscious proprioception is primarily related to the _____?

a. mechanoreceptor
b. nociceptor
c. chemoreceptor
d. photoreceptor

a. mechanoreceptor

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The detection of pain is made possible by the _____?

a. proprioceptor
b. nociceptor
c. chemoreceptor
d. photoreceptor

b. nociceptor

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Movements of the body in extension and flexion occur in which body plane?

a. coronal plane
b. transverse plane
c. sagittal plane
d. frontal plane

c. sagittal plane

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Movements of the body in lateral or medial rotation occur in which of the following body planes?

a. coronal plane
b. transverse plane
c. sagittal plane
d. frontal plane

b. transverse plane

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Who discovered the gate theory of pain?

a. Gonstead
b. D.D. Palmer
c. Melzack/Wall
d. Logan/Korr

c. Melzack/Wall

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Which type of transitional movement occurs on the x axis of the Cartesian system?

a. medial to lateral
b. anterior to posterior
c. inferior to superior
d. superior to inferior

a. medial to lateral

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Movements of the body in adduction and abduction occur in which body plane? a. transverse plane b. sagittal plane c. midsagittal plane d. coronal plane

d. coronal plane

Which of the following will not decrease blood flow in vertebral arteries? a. osteophytes b. spondylosis c. subluxation d. exercise

d. exercise

There is no disc between? a. L5-S1 b. C7-T1 c. C1-C2 d. C4-C5

c. C1-C2

The intervertebral disc to vertebral body ratio is largest in the _____? a. cervical spine b. thoracic spine c. lumbar spine d. upper sacrum

a. cervical spine

Which most closely describes deformities of a disc due to a load stress over time? a. slide b. creep c. spin d. roll

b. creep

The founder of S.O.T. is? a. Cox b. Gillet c. DeJarnette d. Korr

c. DeJarnette

Complete ossification is usually complete in the _____ decade of life. a. 1st b. 2nd c. 3rd d. 4th

c. 3rd

Which of the following is false regarding the anterior longitudinal ligament? a. It resist hyperflexion of the spinal column. b. It is wider at the inferior portion. c. The thickest portion is located in the thoracic spine. d. It resists hyperextension of the spinal column.

a. It resist hyperflexion of the spinal column.

Excessive rotation of the atlantoaxial joint is prevented by the _____? a. apical ligament b. alar ligament c. ligamentum nuchae d. posterior longitudinal ligament

b. alar ligament

The IVF are largest at which area? a. upper cervical b. lower lumbar c. mid-thoracic d. all IVF's should have equal size or indicates pathology

b. lower lumbar

Approximately one-third of patients have the vertebral prominence at? a. C3 b. C7 c. T1 d. T2

c. T1

How many intervertebral discs are there in the human body? a. 22 b. 23 c. 24 d. 25

b. 23

The xiphoid process is opposite to? a. T8 b. T10 c. L1 d. T6

b. T10

The tip of the scapula is found approximately at the level of _____ vertebra in the seated patient. a. T1 b. T3 c. T6 d. T7

d. T7

PRS-SP at T7 would be represented as which Medicare terminology? a. left rotational malposition b. left rotational malposition, left lateral flexion malposition c. retrolisthesis d. right posterior inferior

b. left rotational malposition, left lateral flexion malposition

Medicare listings are in reference to? a. spinous b. transverse process c. lateral wedge d. vertebral body

d. vertebral body

What is the Gonstead listing for a left rotational malposition coupled with left lateral flexion at T4? a. PRI-T b. RPI c. PRS-SP d. PLS-SP

c. PRS-SP

Which part of the IVD herniates the most? a. posterior medial b. posterior lateral c. anterior medial d. anterior lateral

b. posterior lateral

Which is an atypical vertebra? a. L1 b. T7 c. T12 d. C3

c. T12

The intervertebral disc to vertebral body ratio is largest in which portion of the spine? a. cervical b. thoracic c. lumbar d. sacrum

a. cervical

Toe extensors are tested in which neurological package? a. L4 b. L5 c. S1 d. S2

b. L5

Tibialis anterior is tested in which neurological package? a. L4 b. L5 c. S1 d. S2

a. L4

Which place separates the body into inferior and superior portions? a. sagittal plane b. coronal plane c. transverse plane d. frontal plane

c. transverse plane

A patient with a lumbar hyperlordosis would be least benefited by? a. strengthening abdominals b. strengthening hamstrings c. stretching quadriceps d. strengthening teres minor

d. strengthening teres minor

Which can cause a rupture of the transverse ligament? a. hepatits b. multiple sclerosis c. hydatidiform mole d. RA

d. RA

The founder of osteopathy is? a. D.D. Palmer b. DeJarnette c. Gonstead d. Andrew Taylor Still

d. Andrew Taylor Still

Who developed the H.I.O. technique? a. Thompson b. B.J. Palmer c. D.D. Palmer d. Andrew Taylor Still

b. B.J. Palmer

The founder of chiropractic is? a. Thompson b. B.J. Palmer c. D.D. Palmer d. Andrew Taylor Still

c. D.D. Palmer

Mechanical joint dysfunction is a process made possible by joint fixation. Which is not a phase of joint fixation according to Gillet? a. ligamentous b. muscular c. articular d. vascular

d. vascular

Who was associated with the general adaption syndrome? a. B.J. Palmer b. Logan c. Selye d. Hippocrates

c. Selye

All of the following describes or are transitional movements except: a. slide b. linear movements c. L-M glide d. rotational movements

d. rotational movements

Activator was originated by who? a. Fuhr b. Lantz c. Thompson d. Harrison

a. Fuhr

The most common fractured carpal is the _____? a. scaphoid b. lunate c. hamate d. pisiform

a. scaphoid

A bicep curl would be a _____ contraction. a. eccentric b. concentric c. isometric d. isotonic

b. concentric - Eccentric (muscle lengthening) and Concentric (muscle shortening) contractions are types of isotonic contractions. However, concentric contraction is the most specific answer.

Superior translation on the _____ axis is inferior to superior according to the Cartesian system. a. x b. y c. z d. t

b. y

Blocks are typically used in which chiropractic technique? a. Activator b. S.O.T. c. Thompson d. Toggle

b. S.O.T.

Who advocated that ligamentous and articular fixations causing mechanical joint dysfunction were the most significant? a. Gillet b. B.J. Palmer c. Kirkaldy d. Thompson

a. Gillet

A right posterior inferior National listing is best represented as which Palmer listing? a. posterior right superior spinous b. posterior left superior spinous c. right rotational malposition, left lateral flexion malposition d. posterior left inferior spinous

b. posterior left superior spinous

Which chiropractic technique was developed by Donald Harrison? a. Upper Cervical Technique (HIO) b. Craniopathy c. Chiropractic Biophysics (CBP) d. Applied Kinesiology (AK)

c. Chiropractic Biophysics (CBP)

Which technique developed by Ted Morter uses light pressure on areas of the spine to kindle a sensory response? a. Upper Cervical Technique (HIO) b. Bio Energetic Synchronization Technique (BEST) c. Chiropractic Biophysics (CBP) d. Toftness Technique

b. Bio Energetic Synchronization Technique (BEST)

According to Gillet, which joint fixation is caused by shortening and contracture of the joint capsule? a. muscular b. vascular c. articular d. ligamentous

d. ligamentous

Which type of fixation is described as having an end feel that is limited with a rubbery quality? a. muscular b. articular c. ligamentous d. vascular

a. muscular

According to Gillet, which type of fixation has a leathery and tough end feel in all planes of motion? a. muscular b. ligamentous c. vascular d. articular

d. articular