Pages 6-7 of Medicine A5 booklet (Where did Medieval ideas about medicine come from?)

Question 1

What was Hippocrates’ theory called?

Answer 1

4 Humours Theory

Question 2

What did Hippocrates’ 4 Humours Theory recognise?

Answer 2

Recognised keeping the body healthy. He realised that it was important to do things in moderation. He realised that different parts of the body needed different treatments.

Question 3

What did Hippocrates realise about human health?

Answer 3

That a good diet was important.

Question 4

How many books did Hippocrates write?

Answer 4

About 60.

Question 5

Who influenced Western medicine for a long time?

Answer 5

Galen and Hippocrates.

Question 6

What time period was Hippocrates from?

Answer 6

Greek (400BC)

Question 7

What is the impact of Hippocrates on doctors today?

Answer 7

Doctors still have to sign a Hippocratic oath.

Question 8

Where did Galen move from and to?

Answer 8

Galen moved to the Riman Empire, from Greece.

Question 9

Where did Galen work?

Answer 9

In a gladiator school.

Question 10

What did Galen learn working at the gladiator school?

Answer 10

Anatomy and treating injuries.

Question 11

What did Galen realise was important?

Answer 11

Observation of patients.

Question 12

What were Galen’s books used as?

Answer 12

University text books.

Question 13

What did Galen’s books teach?

Answer 13

The books taught dissection to better understand the body.

Question 14

Which Arab doctor wrote the 1st description on the symptoms of smallpox?

Answer 14

Arab doctor Rhazes.

Question 15

What did Arab hospitals do and have?

Answer 15

They trained people and had pharmacies.

Question 16

Who was Avicenna?

Answer 16

An Arabic scholar.

Question 17

What did Avicenna write?

Answer 17

“The Book of Healing” and “The Canon of Medicine”.

Question 18

What do we still use now that was invented in the Arabic times (900AD)?

Answer 18

We still use some of their tools and methods such as stitching.

Question 19

What were individuals keen on doing in the Medieval times?

Answer 19

Individuals were keen to report their findings in books and these also managed to influence Western medicine.

Question 20

What 2 factors were important during the Medieval times?

Answer 20

Communication and Individuals.

Question 21

Why was communication an important factor?

Answer 21

As Hippocrates, Galen and Avicenna wrote books that could later be used by doctors in other parts of the world.

Question 22

Why was the role of the individuals an important factor?

Answer 22

Without these individuals the information wouldn’t have been made available.

Question 23

What progress did Christianity (Roman Catholic) make?

Answer 23

• Some monasteries had libraries with Greek and Roman medical texts.
• Set up hospitals and medical schools.
• Monks treated the sick.

Question 24

In what ways did Christianity (Roman Catholic) hinder progress?

Answer 24

• Christianity usually did not permit the dissection of human bodies.
• Beliefs in supernatural causes and cures for disease, and the importance of these above everything.
• The church supported Galen’s theories.

Question 25

What progress did Islam make?

Answer 25

• Muslims believed that learning was important and translated and built upon Greek and Roman medical texts.
• Continued to use clinical observation
• Muslim doctors understood the importance of hygiene.
• Set up hopitals.

Question 26

In what ways did Islam hinder the progress?

Answer 26

• Did not permit the dissection of human bodies.

- Appealing to the Muslim god Allah was encouraged to cure diseases.

Question 27

What did both Christianity and Islam believe in?

Answer 27

They both believed that disease was sent from god.

Question 28

What was the main difference between Muslims and Christians?

Answer 28

It was that in illness, Christians would teach prayer and repentance, whereas in Islam the religious book the Hadith taught to use medicine.

Question 29

When was the only time that Christians came into contact with Muslim medical texts?

Answer 29

When they fought wars with the Muslim called the Crusades, meaning the progress the Muslims had made was spread slowly.

Question 30

For Islam, who could open a medical practice anywhere?

Answer 30

People with a medical licene, however many people called themselves healers and did not have a licence but the Muslims did not stop them.

Question 31

What did Muslims invent that meant they could easily produce drugs and anaesthetics?

Answer 31

They invented distillation.

Question 32

What did Muslims develop that was highly successful?

Answer 32

Aspirin - an anaesthetic that made surgery much less painful.

Question 33

What did Muslims believe in?

Answer 33

Good hygiene.

Question 34

What did Arabic doctor Rhazes work as?

Answer 34

As a head doctor at a hospital in Baghdad.

Question 35

What did Rhazes write, and what did it cover?

Answer 35

He wrote a book that covered both Arab and Greek medicine, called “El Hawi”

Question 36

How many medical works did Rhazes write in total?

Answer 36

200

Question 37

What was Rhazes the first to notice?

Answer 37

That a fever was the body’s natural impulse to heal itself?

Question 38

What was Rhazes the 1st to consider?

Answer 38

Allergies and to diagnose hay fever.