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First Aid Step 1 Rapid Review > Pages 220-223 > Flashcards

Pages 220-223 Flashcards

1
Q 
Acanthosis nigricans (hyperpigmentation and 
epidermal thickening)
A

Visceral malignancy (esp. stomach)

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2
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin

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3
Q

AIDS

A

Aggressive malignant lymphomas (non-Hodgkin’s) and Kaposi’s sarcoma

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4
Q 
Autoimmune diseases (e.g., Hashimoto 
thyroiditis, SLE)
A

Lymphoma

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5
Q

Barrett esophagus (chronic GI reflux)

A

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

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6
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia,

postsurgical gastric remnants

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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8
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Small cell lung cancer

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9
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

Lung cancer

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10
Q

Down syndrome

A

ALL (“we ALL fall Down”), AML

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11
Q

Dysplastic nevus

A

Malignant melanoma

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12
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Squamous cell lung cancer

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13
Q

Immunodeficiency states

A

Malignant lymphomas

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14
Q

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

A

Small cell lung cancer

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15
Q

Myasthenia gravis, pure RBC aplasia

A

Thymoma

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16
Q

Paget disease of bone

A

2° osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma

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17
Q

Plummer-Vinson syndrome (r iron)

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus

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18
Q

Polycythemia

A

Renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma

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19
Q

Radiation exposure

A

Leukemia, sarcoma, papillary thyroid cancer, and breast cancer

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20
Q

SIADH

A

Small cell lung cancer

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21
Q

Tuberous sclerosis (facial angiofibroma, seizures, intellectual disability)

A

Giant cell astrocytoma, renal angiomyolipoma, and cardiac rhabdomyoma

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22
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Colonic adenocarcinoma

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23
Q

Xeroderma pigmentosum, albinism

A

Melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and especially squamous cell carcinomas of skin

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24
Q

BCR-ABL

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

CML, ALL

Tyrosine kinase

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25
Q

bcl-2

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas

Anti-apoptotic molecule (inhibits apoptosis)

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26
Q

BRAF

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Melanoma

Serine/threonine kinase

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27
Q

c-kit

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

Cytokine receptor (for stem cell factor)

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28
Q

c-myc

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Burkitt lymphoma

Transcription factor

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29
Q

HER2/neu (c-erbB2)

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Breast, ovarian, and gastric carcinomas

Tyrosine kinase

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30
Q

L-myc

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Lung tumor

Transcription factor

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31
Q

N-myc

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Neuroblastoma

Transcription factor

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32
Q

ras

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer

GTPase

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33
Q

ret

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

MEN 2A and 2B

Tyrosine kinase

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34
Q

APC

ASSOCIATED TUMOR

A

Colorectal cancer (associated with FAP)

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35
Q

BRCA1 +2

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

BRCA1 Breast and ovarian cancer
BRCA2 Breast and ovarian cancer

DNA repair protein

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36
Q

DPC4/SMAD4

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Pancreatic cancer

DPC—Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer

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37
Q

DCC

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Colon cancer

DCC—Deleted in Colon Cancer

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38
Q

MEN1

ASSOCIATED TUMOR

A

MEN type I

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39
Q

NF1

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

NeuroFibromatosis type 1

RAS GTPase activating protein (neurofibromin)

40
Q

NF2

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

NeuroFibromatosis type 2

Merlin (schwannomin) protein

41
Q

p16

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Melanoma

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A

42
Q

p53

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Most human cancers, Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Transcription factor for p21, blocks G1 p –> S phase

43
Q

PTEN

ASSOCIATED TUMOR

A

Breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial

cancer

44
Q

Rb

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma I

nhibits E2F; blocks G1 p –> S phase

45
Q

TSC1

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Tuberous sclerosis

Hamartin protein

46
Q

TSC2

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Tuberous sclerosis

Tuberin protein

47
Q

VHL

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

von Hippel-Lindau disease

Inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1a

48
Q

WT1

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Wilms Tumor (nephroblastoma

49
Q

WT2

ASSOCIATED TUMOR
GENE PRODUCT

A

Wilms Tumor (nephroblastoma

50
Q

Alkaline phosphatase

Tumor Marker

A

Metastases to bone, liver, Paget disease of bone,

seminoma (placental ALP)

51
Q

α-fetoprotein

Tumor Marker

A 
Normally made by fetus. Hepatocellular 
carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac 
(endodermal sinus) tumor, testicular cancer, 
mixed germ cell tumor (co-secreted with 
β-hCG).
52
Q

β-hCG

Tumor Marker

A

Hydatidiform moles and Choriocarcinomas
(Gestational trophoblastic disease), testicular
cancer.

53
Q

CA-15-3/CA-27-29

Tumor Marker

A

Breast cancer.

54
Q

CA-19-9

Tumor Marker

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

55
Q

CA-125

Tumor Marker

A

Ovarian cancer

56
Q

Calcitonin

Tumor Marker

A

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

57
Q

CEA

Tumor Marker

A

CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen. Very nonspecific
but produced by ∼ 70% of colorectal and
pancreatic cancers; also produced by gastric,
breast, and medullary thyroid carcinomas.

58
Q

PSA

Tumor Marker

A

Prostate-specific antigen. Used to follow prostate
adenocarcinoma. Can also be elevated in BPH
and prostatitis. Questionable risk/benefit for
screening.

59
Q

S-100

Tumor Marker

A

Neural crest origin (e.g., melanomas, neural
tumors, schwannomas, Langerhans cell
histiocytosis).

60
Q

TRAP

Tumor Marker

A

Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP).

Hairy cell leukemia—a B-cell neoplasm.

61
Q

EBV

Associated cancer

A

Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma,
nasopharyngeal carcinoma, CNS lymphoma
(in immunocompromised patients)

62
Q

HBV, HCV

Associated cancer

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

63
Q

HHV-8 (Kaposi sarcoma–associated
herpesvirus)

Associated cancer

A

Kaposi sarcoma, body cavity fluid B-cell

lymphoma

64
Q

HPV

Associated cancer

A

Cervical and penile/anal carcinoma (16, 18),

head and neck or throat cancer

65
Q

H. pylori

Associated cancer

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma

66
Q

HTLV-1

Associated cancer

A

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

67
Q

Liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis)

Associated cancer

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

68
Q

Schistosoma haematobium

Associated cancer

A

Bladder cancer (squamous cell)

69
Q

Aflatoxins (Aspergillus)

Organ/Impact

A

Liver

Hepatocellular carcinoma

70
Q

Alkylating agents

Organ/Impact

A

Blood

Leukemia/lymphoma

71
Q

Aromatic amines
(e.g., benzidine, 2-naphthylamine)

Organ/Impact

A

Bladder

Transitional cell carcinoma

72
Q

Arsenic

Organ/Impact

A

Liver
Lung
Skin

Angiosarcoma
Lung cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma

73
Q

Asbestos

Organ/Impact

A

Lung

Bronchogenic carcinoma > mesothelioma

74
Q

Carbon tetrachloride

Organ/Impact

A

Liver

Centrilobular necrosis, fatty change

75
Q

Cigarette smoke

Organ/Impact

A 
Bladder
Esophagus
Kidney 
Larynx
Lung
Pancreas
Transitional cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma 
Renal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma 
Squamous cell and small cell carcinoma
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
76
Q

Ethanol

Organ/Impact

A

Liver

Hepatocellular carcinoma

77
Q

Ionizing radiation

Organ/Impact

A

Thyroid

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

78
Q

Nitrosamines (smoked foods)

Organ/Impact

A

Stomach

Gastric cancer

79
Q

Radon

Organ/Impact

A

Lung

Lung cancer (2nd leading cause after cigarette 
smoke)
80
Q

Vinyl chloride

Organ/Impact

A

Liver

Angiosarcoma

81
Q

1,25-(OH)2 D3 (calcitriol)

Effect/neoplasms

A

Hypercalcemia

Hodgkin lymphoma, some non-Hodgkin lymphomas

82
Q

ACTH

Effect/neoplasms

A

Cushing syndrome

Small cell lung carcinoma

83
Q

ADH

Effect/neoplasms

A

SIADH

Small cell lung carcinoma and intracranial neoplasms

84
Q

Antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at NMJ

Effect/neoplasms

A

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (muscle weakness)

Small cell lung carcinoma

85
Q

Erythropoietin

Effect/neoplasms

A

Polycythemia

Renal cell carcinoma, thymoma, hemangioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, leiomyoma, pheochromocytoma

86
Q

PTHrP

Effect/neoplasms

A

Hypercalcemia

Squamous cell lung carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, breast cancer

87
Q

Psammoma bodies Laminated, concentric, calcific spherules

PSaMMoma bodies are seen in:
ƒ

A 
Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
ƒ
Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
ƒ
Meningioma
ƒ
Malignant mesothelioma
88
Q

Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy

Sulfonamides

Adverse effect:

A

Kernicterus

89
Q

Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy

Aminoglycosides

Adverse effect:

A

Ototoxicity

90
Q

Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy

Fluoroquinolones

Adverse effect:

A

Cartilage damage

91
Q

Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy

Clarithromycin

Adverse effect:

A

Embryotoxic

92
Q

Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy

Tetracyclines

Adverse effect:

A

Discolored teeth, inhibition of bone growth

93
Q

Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy

Ribavirin (antiviral)

Adverse effect:

A

Teratogenic

94
Q

Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy

Griseofulvin (antifungal)

Adverse effect:

A

Teratogenic

95
Q

Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy

Chloramphenicol

Adverse effect:

A

“Gray baby”

First Aid Step 1 Rapid Review (8 decks)

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