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Question 1

What is crossing over in Prophase 1?

Answer 1

Physical exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes

This process results in new combinations of maternal and paternal alleles.

Question 2

What occurs during independent assortment in Metaphase 1?

Answer 2

Homologous chromosomes line up randomly along the equator

This creates new combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes.

Question 3

What is Karyotype?

Answer 3

The number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell

It can be affected by mistakes during meiosis.

Question 4

What can mistakes during meiosis cause changes in?

Answer 4

1. Total number of chromosomes
2. Chromosome structure
3. Chromosome arrangements

These changes can lead to various genetic disorders.

Question 5

What is aneuploidy?

Answer 5

A condition when chromosome numbers are not 46

It can occur due to non-disjunction during meiosis.

Question 6

What is monosomy?

Answer 6

Lacks one chromosome

Monosomy of sex chromosomes is known as Turner Syndrome (45,X).

Question 7

What is the term for having a regular amount of chromosomes?

Answer 7

Disomy

This indicates the normal diploid state of chromosomes.

Question 8

What is trisomy?

Answer 8

Having one extra chromosome

Examples include Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome), Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome), and Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome).

Question 9

What are tetrasomy and pentasomy?

Answer 9

Having 4 or 5 extra chromosomes respectively

These conditions are rarely seen, especially in autosomes.

Question 10

True or False: Non-disjunction can occur during both meiosis I and meiosis II.

Answer 10

True

Non-disjunction can lead to aneuploidy.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Trisomy of sex chromosomes can be represented as _______.

Answer 11

47,XXY or 47,XXX

These represent Klinefelter Syndrome and Triple X Syndrome respectively.