Page 1 Flashcards
What is Meiosis I?
The first stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes separate.
What is Meiosis II?
The second stage of meiosis where sister chromatids separate.
Define homologous chromosomes.
Matching pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes at the same positions.
What are non-homologous chromosomes?
Non-matching chromosomes.
What is a locus?
The position of a gene on a chromosome.
What are autosomes?
Non-sex chromosomes.
What are the sex chromosomes in males?
XY chromosomes.
What are the sex chromosomes in females?
Two X chromosomes.
List the four ways autosomes can be distinguished.
- Size
- Position of centromere
- Patterns of light and dark bands
- Presence of satellites
What is the relationship between chromosome size and DNA content?
The larger the chromosome, the more DNA it contains and the greater number of genes it carries.
What occurs during interphase of meiosis?
Chromosomes are not yet visible, and gene mutations may occur.
What happens during prophase I?
Chromosomes condense, homologues pair up to form bivalents, and crossing over occurs.
What is the alignment of bivalents during metaphase I?
Bivalents line up along the equator of the cell.
What is independent assortment?
The random arrangement of maternal and paternal chromosomes.
What occurs during anaphase I?
Homologues separate.
