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1
Q

What is Meiosis I?

A

The first stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes separate.

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2
Q

What is Meiosis II?

A

The second stage of meiosis where sister chromatids separate.

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3
Q

Define homologous chromosomes.

A

Matching pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes at the same positions.

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4
Q

What are non-homologous chromosomes?

A

Non-matching chromosomes.

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5
Q

What is a locus?

A

The position of a gene on a chromosome.

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6
Q

What are autosomes?

A

Non-sex chromosomes.

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7
Q

What are the sex chromosomes in males?

A

XY chromosomes.

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8
Q

What are the sex chromosomes in females?

A

Two X chromosomes.

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9
Q

List the four ways autosomes can be distinguished.

A
  • Size
  • Position of centromere
  • Patterns of light and dark bands
  • Presence of satellites
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10
Q

What is the relationship between chromosome size and DNA content?

A

The larger the chromosome, the more DNA it contains and the greater number of genes it carries.

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11
Q

What occurs during interphase of meiosis?

A

Chromosomes are not yet visible, and gene mutations may occur.

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12
Q

What happens during prophase I?

A

Chromosomes condense, homologues pair up to form bivalents, and crossing over occurs.

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13
Q

What is the alignment of bivalents during metaphase I?

A

Bivalents line up along the equator of the cell.

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14
Q

What is independent assortment?

A

The random arrangement of maternal and paternal chromosomes.

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15
Q

What occurs during anaphase I?

A

Homologues separate.

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16
Q

What happens during telophase I?

A

Two new cells are formed.

17
Q

What marks prophase II?

A

The spindle apparatus forms, and chromosomes move towards the equator.

18
Q

What occurs during metaphase II?

A

Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell.

19
Q

What happens during anaphase II?

A

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

20
Q

What is produced at telophase II?

A

Gametes (eggs or sperm).