PAG 6: Physiology, responses and respiration

Question 1

Safety

Answer 1

Ensure participants do not exercise beyond their comfortable limit
Ensure asthmatics have inhalers to hand if they want to participate
Check in-school medical information/internet for other safety concerns linked to exercise

Question 2

Equipment

Answer 2

• stop watch
• heart rate monitor (optional)
• bench (optional)

Question 3

Two indicators that scientists and doctors use to measure fitness?

Answer 3

heart rate and ventilation rate:

Question 4

How can heart rate be measured (2)

Answer 4

• Your heart rate can be measured by taking your pulse or by wearing a heart rate monitor

Question 5

How can ventilation rate be measured ?

Answer 5

• Your ventilation rate can be measured by noting the rate at which your chest rises and falls.

Question 6

What needs to be done before starting practical

Answer 6

As we are all different, before starting the practical you need to take a baseline measurement of the person’s pulse rate or ventilation rate at rest.

Question 7

What is recovery time?

Answer 7

Recovery time can be used as an indication of fitness. This is the time taken for your heart rate to return to its pre-exercise level.

Question 8

Method - pulse rate measuring

Answer 8

1. Hold out one hand with the palm facing upwards while bending you elbow slightly.
2. Hold your wrist with the first and third finger of your other hand, pressing until you can feel
   your pulse.
3. Take your pulse by counting the number of pulses in 1 minute, using a stopwatch.
4. Perform an exercise eg. star jumps for a set duration or set number of repetitions.
5. Repeat steps 1-3 after completing the exercise, and record your results in a table

Question 9

Method - ventilation rate measuring

Answer 9

1. Set up and calibrate the spirometer, making sure there are no leaks.
2. Select a participant: the participant should be healthy with a good level of fitness.
3. Have the participant sit down and put a nose clip in place. Close the 2-way tap and connect
   the mouthpiece to the surrounding air, have the participant breathe normally into the
   mouthpiece to familiarise themselves to the spirometer.
4. Turn the 2-way tap to connect the participant to the spirometer chamber at the end of their
   expiration.
5. Start timing for 1 minute and record the number of normal breaths taken.
6. Perform an exercise for a set duration or set number of repetitions.
7. Repeat steps 3-5.
8. Clean the mouthpiece and repeat for another participant.

// or just chest rise and fall

Question 10

Results(2)

Answer 10

1 Record your results in an appropriate results table.

2 Calculate the mean value of your fitness measurement for each group, for each exercise period.

Question 11

Sources of error

Answer 11

The intensity of the exercise may be different with different participants and is difficult to be regulated, so the results of part two may be affected.