Paeds Test 1 Flashcards
Definition of Pediatric Dentistry
Defined as “the branch of dentistry that involves teaching, research, preventive and therapeutic oral health care of children from birth through adolescence”
Children are different from adults in a number of ways:
- Children are individuals in growth and development stage
- Physical (they are small)- they look at adults as giants.
- Psychological
- Social
- Cognitive
- Emotional
The fundamental Philosophy is treat the Patients and not the tooth, This implies that:
- Commitment to the child filings
- Gain the child confidence and cooperation
- Treat the child in a kind manner( sympathetic manner) and
- To be concerned not only with provision of current treatment , but promoting child future
dental health by stimulating positive attitude and behaviour toward dental care.
The child first visit should be at the age of 2.5 or 3years
How a parent can prepare for 1st visit
- inform the child about the first in the morning or the day before
- Don’t tell him what will be done of promise Him/ Her presents if she/he behave well with the
Dentist - Keep the conversation simple and casual the Dentist will count your teeth and help you to take
care of them.
What will be done on first visit (Explanation to the Parents)
- I will ask the child some few questions and you to know the social Dental and Medical History.
- I will examine the child
- Takes some x – rays and picture
- Finally I will outline what can be done currently and future preventions
- If the child is having Dental pain I will attend to it, but usually I don’t do treatment on the first
visit
THE AIM OF THE FIRST VISIT OF THE CHILD TO
THE DENTIST
- Establish good communication with the child and the parent.
- Obtain Important background information ,( i.e., Patients social, Dental and Medical History)
- To examine the child and obtain Radiography if required
- To introduce the child to simple treatment procedures.
- To explain treatment aims to the child and the parent
The objectives of
child management are listed below:
- To assemble the child comfortable
- To offer freedom from pain
- To execute the procedures safely
- To hold out the treatment capable and
- To boast the child and the parent agreement to the procedures
Behavior management techniques
1. Tell-Show-do
2. Reinforcement (behavior shaping)
3. Desensitization
4. Modeling (helpful in those aged between 3 and 5 years)
5. Hand-over-mouth (children aged 4-9 years)
6. Sedation
7. Hypnosis
8. Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen inhalation analgesia, gag reflex reduction and amnesia
Intraoral X-rays
- Find cavities
- Look at the tooth roots
- Check the health of the bony area around the tooth
- See the status of developing teeth
- Otherwise monitor good tooth health
Types of intra-oral x-rays
- Periapical
- Occlusal
- Bite wing
- Localization Technique
Periapical
Parallel Technique and Bisecting angle
technique
- Detect Dental caries
- Detection of root caries
- To asses any developmental Anomaly of the teeth
- To evaluate fracture of the crown and roots
- Detection of pulp and periapical infections
- Assessment of tooth morphology before treatment
- During endodontics
- Preoperative and Postoperative assessment of apical surgery
Other indications
Indication related to surrounding bone
1. Assessment of periodontal status.
2. Evaluation after trauma to alveolar bone.
3. Detailed evaluation of apical cyst and other lesions within the alveolar bone
Other Indications
1. Evaluation of Implant Post Operatively.
2. Assessment of the presence and position of unerupted tooth
point of entry of central beam of x ray for maxillary
Teeth
Central incisors Area intersecting ala Tragus line and vertical line passing from tip of the nose
Lateral incisors Area intersecting ala Tragus line and vertical line passing from 1cm lateral to the tip of the nose
Canine Area intersecting ala Tragus line and vertical line passing from inner canthus of the eye.
**Premolars area **intersecting ala Tragus line and vertical line passing from middle canthus of the eye.
1st and 2nd Molars Area intersecting ala Tragus line and vertical line passing from outer canthus of the eye.
3rd Molar Area intersecting ala Tragus line and vertical line passing from 1cm distal to outer canthus of the eye
Point of entry of central beam of x ray for mandibular Teeth
Central Incisors Area intersecting horizontal line passing from 1cm above the lower border of the mandible and vertical line from tip of the nose( chin area)
**Lateral incisors Area ** intersecting horizontal line passing from 1cm above the lower border of the mandible and vertical line from 1cm lateral to the tip of the nose
Canine Area intersecting horizontal line passing from 1cm above the lower border of the mandible and vertical line from inner canthus
Premolars Area intersecting horizontal line passing from 1cm above the lower border of the mandible and
vertical line from middle canthus
1st and 2nd Molars Area intersecting horizontal line passing from 1cm above the lower border of the mandible and vertical line from outer canthus
3rd Molars Area intersecting horizontal line passing from 1cm above the lower border of the mandible and
vertical line from 1 cm distal to outer canthus
Indications of a bitewing radiograph
INDICATIONS
Detection of proximal caries
Evaluation of alveolar bone height.
Evaluation of periodontal status
To detect overhanging restoration
