Manage oral health care of pediatric patients

Question 1

Parental counselling

Answer 1

• Tell the parents not to voice their own personal fears in front of the
  child.
• Tell the parents never to use dentistry as a threat or
  punishment.WHY?
• Tell the parents to familiarize their child with dentistry by regular
  dental visits dentist.
• Several days before the appointment, the parent should be
  instructed to convey to the child in a casual manner that they have
  been invited to visit the dentist.
• Counsel the parent about the home environment and the
  importance of moderate parental attitudes in building well-adjusted
  children. A well-adjusted child is generally a good dental patient.
• Explain to the parent that an occasional display of courage on
  his/her part in dental matters will build courage in the child. There
  is a correlation between child and parent fears

Question 2

Brushing methods for children

Answer 2

1. Sulcular technique – Bass method
2. Roll technique – Modified Stillman
3. Vibratory technique – Charter’s and Bass
   method
4. Circular technique – Fone’s method
5. Horizontal technique – Horizontal Scrub
   method
6. Physiological technique – Smith method

Question 3

Conventional restorative materials

Answer 3

• Silver amalgam
• Composite resin
• Glass ionomer
• Resin-modifi ed glass ionomer cements
  (RMGICs)
• Polyacid-modifi ed composite resin
  (compomer)

Question 4

Indications for stainless steel crowns

Answer 4

• Restoration of primary molars needing large multisurface
  restorations
• Restoration of primary molars in children with rampant caries
• Restorative care provided under sedation or general anaesthetic
• Restoration of teeth after pulp therapy
• Restoration of teeth with developmental defects, e.g. amelogenesis
  imperfecta
• Abutment for space maintainers
• Restoration of fractured primary molars
• Protection of molars in children with bruxism
• Restoration of hypomineralized young permanent molars

Question 5

VITAL PRIMARY TOOTH PULP THERAPY Treatment objectives

Answer 5

– eradicate potential for infection
– maintain tooth in a quiescent state
– preserve space for underlying permanent tooth
– retain 1° tooth, if 2° tooth is congenitally absent

Question 6

Indirect Pulp Treatment (IPT)

Answer 6

** Indications: **
– tooth with deep carious lesion,
– vital pulp
** Objectives: **
– preservation of vitality,
– arrest of caries advance,
– formation of tertiary dentin.
* Technique
– excavation of most affected dentin,
– application of medicament over
– thin layer of sound or carious dentin with no clinically evident
pulpal exposure,
– place Ca(OH)2 or glass ionomer cement,
– restoration should seal completely, e.g.stainless steel crown
* re-entry for completion of caries removal is not necessary

Question 7

Sequelae following primary trauma

Answer 7

• Pulp necrosis with grey discolouration and/or abscess formation.
• Pulpal obliteration
• Internal resorption (pink discoloration).
• Ankylosis of primary tooth.
• Hypoplasia or hypomineralisation of permanent successor.
• Dilaceration of crown and/or root
• Odontoma-like malformation
• Root duplication
• Partial or complete arrest of root formation
• Sequestration of permanent tooth-germs
• Disturbance in eruption.
• Resorption of permanent tooth germ (rare)

Question 8

Purpose of parent counselling

Answer 8

• Discussion of emotional problems of children, particularly in relation to dental treatment.
• Knowing about the attitudes of parents towards behaviour management techniques used during dental treatment of children.
• Obtaining the cooperation of a child patient,
• Educating the parents about various dental problems and diseases
and their sequelae ther prevention
• Parent counselling on what to do before bringing the child to the dentist
• Counselling parents about dental treatment should begin preferably before children are old enough to be impressed adversely by outside influences.
• Counselling can be done on a mass scale through various media, or individually.

Question 9

Toothpastes generally contain the following components:

Answer 9

Water (20–40%)

Abrasives (50%) including aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydrogen phosphates, calcium carbonate, silica and hydroxyapatite.

Fluoride (usually 1450 ppm) mainly in the form of sodium fluoride.