Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Paeds Orthopaedics > Flashcards

Paeds Orthopaedics Flashcards

1
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Brittle bone disease - autosomal dominant
Defect of maturation of type 1 collagen
Multiple fragility fractures, short stature, blue sclera, loss of hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

X-ray appearance of ostegenesis imperfecta

A

Thin cortices, osteopenia
Fractures heal with abundant poor quality callus
Deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Rule out NAI
Splits, traction, stabilise
Osteotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Skeletal dysplasia

A

Short stature - genetic error

Proportionate or disproportionate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Achondroplasia

A

Commonest form of skeletal dysplasia
Autosomal dominant or sporadic
Short limbs, prominent forehead, wide nose
Lax joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment of achondroplasia

A

Genetic testing
Deformity correction
Limb lengthening
GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Generalised familial joint laxity

A

Hypermobility, autosomal dominant
Double jointed
Prone to dislocations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Marfan’s syndrome

A

Autosomal dominant/sporadic mutation of fibrillin gene
Tall stature, long limbs, laxity, high arched palate, scoliosis, pectus excavatum, lens disolcation, retinal detachment, AAA, valve incompetence, pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

A

Autosomal dominant mutation in elastin/collagen

Hypermobility, vascular fragility, scoliosis, stretchy skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Down syndrome

A

Trisomy 21
Short stature
Joint laxity, recurrent dislocations, C1/2 instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DMD

A 
X-linked recessive
Progressive muscle weakness and wasting
Mutation in dystrophin gene (Ca transport)
Gower's sign
Age 20 - cardiac and resp failure
Raised CK
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Treatment of DMD

A

Physio, splint, deformity correction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

BMD

A

X-linked recessive progressive muscle weakness and wasting

Milder - can walk into teens, death 30s/40s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

UMN symptoms (CNS)

A

Weakness, spasticity, hyperreflexia, extensor plantar response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

LMN symptoms (anterior horn cells, peripheral nerves)

A

Weakness, reduced tone, hyporeflexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CP

A

Neuromuscular disorder, onset 2-3 years
Insult to immature brain
Missed milestones, learning difficulties
Monoplegic/hemiplegic/diplegic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Spastic CP

A

Commonest form of CP

UMN symptoms = spasticity, weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ataxic CP

A

Affects cerebellum = balance, coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Athetoid CP

A

Writhing, problems with speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MSK problems in CP

A

Contractures, scoliosis, hip dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment of CP

A

Physio, splints
Baclofen, botox
Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Spinda bifida

A

2 halves of posterior arch fail to fuse in first 6 weeks

Deformity, contractures, hip dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Spina bifida occulta

A

tethering of spinal cord = pes cavus and toe clawing

Dimple or tuft of hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Spina bifida cystica

A

Contents herniate (meningocele - meninges, myelomeningocele - SC = neuro deficit)
Hydrocephalus
Closed within 48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Treatment of spina bifida

A

Closure
Scoliosis correction
Foot deformity correciton
Good foot care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Polio

A

Viral infection of anterior horn motor cells = LMN deficit
Virus enters GIT = flu like illness = paralysis of 1 limb within days
Paralysis, deformities, limb shortening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Treatment of polio

A

Splint, shoe raise
Tendon transfer
Arthrodesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Syndactyly

A

2 digits fused

Separation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Polydactyly

A

Extra digit

Amputation

30
Q

Fibular hemimelia

A

Absence of fibula = shortened limb, bowing of tibia, ankle deformity
Prosthetic, amputation

31
Q

Tarsal coalition

A

Painful flat feet

32
Q

Erb’s palsy

A

Injury to C5/6
Loss of innervation to supraspinatus/deltoid/infraspinatus/biceps/brahicalis
IR of humerus = waiter’s tip posture

33
Q

Treatment of Erb’s palsy

A

Physio to prevent contracture
Surgical release
Tendon transfer

34
Q

Klumpke’s palsy

A 
C8/T1 palsy due to forceful adduction
Paralysis of intrinsic hand muscles
Horner's syndrome
Wrist extended, fingers flexed
No specific treatment
35
Q

Knee alignment progression

A

Varus at birth
Aligned 14 months
10-15 valgus age 3
6 valgus age 7-9

36
Q

Genu varum

A

Growth disorder of medial tibial physis (Blount’s disease)
Increased risk of OA
Osteotomy

37
Q

Genu valgum

A

Rickets, tumours, trauma, NF

Osteotomy

38
Q

Intoeing

A

Feet point towrads midline

Exaggerated when running, clumsy

39
Q

Causes of in toeing

A

Femoral neck anteversion
Internal tibial torsion
Forefoot adduction

40
Q

Mobile flat foot

A

Arch forms with dorsiflexion of great toe (Jack’s test)
Ligamentous laxity
Flat foot on weight bearing
TP dysfunction

41
Q

Rigid flat foot

A 
Bony abnormality (tarsal coalition)
Pain
42
Q

DDH

A

Dislocation of femoral head during perinatal period = ball and socket joint doesn’t form properly

43
Q

DDH is more common in:

A 
Girls
Left hip
FH
1st born
Breech
Down's syndrome
44
Q

Symptoms and signs of DDH

A

Shallow acetabulum = false acetabulum
Shortened limb
Severe arthritis
Click clunk on Ortolani or Barlow

45
Q

Ortolani

A

Reducing dislocated hip with abduction and anterior displacement

46
Q

Barlow

A

Dislocatable hip with flexion and posterior displacement

47
Q

Investigation of DDH

A

US before 6 months

xray after

48
Q

Treatment of DDH

A

Pavlik harness 4-6 months

OR

49
Q

Transient hip synovitis

A

Self limiting inflammation of synovium after URTI

Commonest cause of hip pain in childhood

50
Q

Who gets transient hip synovitis?

A

Boys 2-10

51
Q

Symptoms and signs of transient hip synovitis

A

Limp, reluctance to weight bear, restricted ROM

fever

52
Q

Investigation and treatment of transient synovitis of hip

A

Radiograph to exclude Perthes
Normal CRP
Aspiration and drainage
Tx: NSAIDs and rest

53
Q

Perthes disease

A

Transient AVN of femoral head

Active, short, pre-pubertal boys

54
Q

Symptoms of Perthes

A

Pain, limp, loss of IR and abduction

Positive Trendelenburg

55
Q

Treatment for Perthes

A

Regular xray

Avoid activity

56
Q

SUFE

A

Overweight pre-pubertal adolescent boys

Femoral head slips inferiorly due to weak growth plate

57
Q

Symptoms of SUFE

A

Delayed puberty
Groin or knee pain, limp
Loss of IR

58
Q

Investigations and treatment of SUFE

A

Need lateral view xray to detect minor slips
Urgent surgery to pin femoral head
THR

59
Q

Patellar tendonitis

A

Jumpers knee

Rest and physio

60
Q

Apophysitis

A

Inflammation of growing tubercle
Either end of patellar tendon due to repetitive strain
Self limiting - rest and physio

61
Q

Osgood-Schlatter’s disease

A

Inflammation of tibial tubercle

62
Q

Sindig-Larsen-Johnson

A

Inflammatin of inferior pole of patella

63
Q

Anterior knee pain

A

Patellofemoral dysfunction
Girls, adolescence
Due to muscle imbalance/laxity/valgum
Rest, physio, surgery

64
Q

Patellar dislocation

A

Medially
Rupture of medial patellofemoral ligament
Multiple discloations
Physio, surgery

65
Q

Osteochondritis dissecans

A

Osteochondritis where a fragment of hyaline cartilage and maybe bone breaks off
Medial femoral condyle most common
Pain, effusion, locking, pothole

66
Q

Talipes equinovarus

A

Clubfoot
In utero abnormal alignment between talus/calcaneous/navicular
Contractures = plantarflexion, supination, varus forefoot

67
Q

Who gets clubfoot?

A

Boys

Breech

68
Q

Treatment of clubfoot

A

Early splintage (Ponseti)
Tenotomy
Brace

69
Q

Tarsal coalition

A

Abnormal bridge between talus/calcaneous or calcaneous/navicular
Painful fixed flat foot deformity
Splint/orthotics, surgery

70
Q

Hallux valgus

A 
FH
Bunion (medial angulation of 1st MT, lateral angulation of 1st toe)
71
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Slippage of one vertebra over another
L4/5 of L5/S1
Due to stress fracture/developmental abnormality
Adolescents, increased body weight/sports
Waddling, low back pain, flat back

72
Q

Treatmeant of spondylolisthesis

A

Rest, physio

Stabilisation, reduction

MSK (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions