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MRCP Part 1 > Paeds milestones and neurology > Flashcards

Paeds milestones and neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the paediatic milestones for social and play at 6 weeks?

A

6 weeks: Smiles

3 months: Laughs, friendly handling

6 months: Not shy

9 months: Shy, takes everything to mouth, plays peekaboo

12 months: Bye-bye, pat-a-cake

18 months: Plays alone well

2 years: Plays near others

4 years: Plays with others

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2
Q

What are the paediatic milestones for social and play at 3 months?

A

6 weeks: Smiles

3 months: Laughs, friendly handling

6 months: Not shy

9 months: Shy, takes everything to mouth, plays peekaboo

12 months: Bye-bye, pat-a-cake

18 months: Plays alone well

2 years: Plays near others

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3
Q

milestones for social and play at 6 months?

A

6 weeks: Smiles

3 months: Laughs, friendly handling

6 months: Not shy

9 months: Shy, takes everything to mouth, plays peekaboo

12 months: Bye-bye, pat-a-cake

18 months: Plays alone well

2 years: Plays near others

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4
Q

What are the paediatic milestones for social and play at 9 months?

A

6 weeks: Smiles

3 months: Laughs, friendly handling

6 months: Not shy

9 months: Shy, takes everything to mouth, plays peekaboo

12 months: Bye-bye, pat-a-cake

18 months: Plays alone well

2 years: Plays near others

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5
Q

What are the paediatic milestones for social and play at 12 months?

A

6 weeks: Smiles

3 months: Laughs, friendly handling

6 months: Not shy

9 months: Shy, takes everything to mouth, plays peekaboo

12 months: Bye-bye, pat-a-cake

18 months: Plays alone well

2 years: Plays near others

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6
Q

What are the paediatic milestones for social and play at 18 months?

A

6 weeks: Smiles

3 months: Laughs, friendly handling

6 months: Not shy

9 months: Shy, takes everything to mouth, plays peekaboo

12 months: Bye-bye, pat-a-cake

18 months: Plays alone well

2 years: Plays near others

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7
Q

What are the paediatic milestones for social and play at 2 years?

A

6 weeks: Smiles

3 months: Laughs, friendly handling

6 months: Not shy

9 months: Shy, takes everything to mouth, plays peekaboo

12 months: Bye-bye, pat-a-cake

18 months: Plays alone well

2 years: Plays near others

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8
Q

What are the paediatic milestones for social and play at 4 years?

A

6 weeks: Smiles

3 months: Laughs, friendly handling

6 months: Not shy

9 months: Shy, takes everything to mouth, plays peekaboo

12 months: Bye-bye, pat-a-cake

18 months: Plays alone well

2 years: Plays near others

4 years: Plays with others

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9
Q

What are the gross and fine motor skills seen between 3 months and 1 year

A

Gross // Fine

3m: lifts head // reaches
6m: Sits up // Grabs
9m: Crawls // Points
12m: Stands // Pincer

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10
Q

What are the gross and fine motor skills between 15m and 5 years

A

Gross // Fine

15m: Walks // 2 bricks + pats book
18m: Squats // 3 bricks + flicks pages + scribble circle
2y: Runs, stairs supported // 6 bricks + turns pages + vertical lines
3y: Stairs alone // 9 bricks + draws circle
4y: Draws cross
5y: Draws triangle/square

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11
Q

Outline speecha and hearing from 3 months to 1yr

A

Speech // hearing

3m: Squeals // parents voice, turns to sound
6m: Double syllables

9 months: mama, dada // understands no

12 months: Responds to name

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12
Q

Outline speech and hearing milestones between 15m and 5 years

A

Speech // hearing

15m: 2-6 words // simple commands
18m: SKIPPED
2y: combines two words // points to body parts
2. 5y: 200 words
3y: 3-5 word sentences + what, who+ count to 10 // identifies colours
4y: why how

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13
Q

Outline feeding and dressing milestones from 3 months to 5 years

A

Feeding // dressing

3m: Nothing
6m: Hand on bottle // none

12-15m: cup drinking + spoon holding // helps dressing

18 months: Takes off shoes and hat

2y: competent cup and spoon // puts on hat and shoes
3y: Spoon and fork // nothing
4y: nothing // dress and undress
5y: knife and fork // nothing

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14
Q

When would you refer regarding

Smiling

Sitting

Walking

Handedness

Speech and language

A

Smiling: 10 weeks

Sitting: 12 months

Walking: 18 months

Handedness: if <12 months, suspect cerebral palsy

S+L: Once hearing and environment accounted for

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15
Q

Differentiate cerebral palsy and duchenne musclar dystrophy using the following

Clinical picture

Specific pointers

Onset

A

Palsy // dystrophy

Altered tone + co-ord and speech trouble // Proximal muscle weakness

pre-mature handedness // Gower’s sign

Since infancy // 5 years

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16
Q

What gait would a cerebral palsy kid show? What kind of lesion is this a result of?

A

plantarflexion requiring swinging around of legs to move

Upper motor neurone lesion (increased tone and reflexes, preserved muscle bulk)

17
Q

How do you manage cerebral palsy

A

Heavy MDT with paeds managing meds and ortho helping with muscle problems

18
Q

How do myotonic and becker’s dystrophy differ from Duchennes both genetically and clinically

A

Genes // Clinic

Myotonic: Autosomal DM1/2 defect // gaunt, frontal balding, eye + speech problems

Beckers: milder dystrophin defect // lesser intellectual impairment

Duchenne’s: X-linked recessive // Gower’s sign, fake calf growth

19
Q

How do you confirm a diagonsis of DMD?

A

genetic testing

raised CK will also be seen

20
Q

What counselling points are required about DMD?

A

Walking until 12yrs

Survival until 25-30yrs

21
Q

What cardiac condition is associated with DMD?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

22
Q

What neuro exam tip can help point towards myotonic dystrophy

A

Get them to hold and release your hand

delayed response due to prolonged contraction

23
Q

Tall, no puberty, small testes, infertile, gynaecomastia indicates which paeds condition?

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome

24
Q

What is the underlying genetic pathology for Klinefelter’s

A

47 XXY

25
Q

No period, groin swellings, some breast development indicates which paeds condition?

A

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

26
Q

What genetic pathology is AIP?

A

X-linked recessive
Causes testosterone resistance

27
Q

Turner’s vs Fragile X syndrome for
Appearance
Repro changes
Cardiac
Other

A

Turner’s // Fragile X
Webbed neck, wide chest // low ears, thin face, high palate
No periods // Large testicles
Bicuspid valve, coarctation // Mitral valve prolapse
Horseshoe kidney // Autism

28
Q

What are the LH/FSH readings for
Klinefelter’s
Kallman’s
AIP
Testosterone tumour

A

Kline: Low/high
Kall: Low/Low
AIP: high, high
Tumour: Low/ high

29
Q

Small head and eyes, cleft palate, extra digits, scalp lesions

A

Patau syndrome
trisomy 13

30
Q

Small jaw, low ears, overlapped fingers, rocker bottom feet

A

Edward’s syndrome
Trisomy 18

31
Q

Large head and ears, long face, large testicles, learning difficulties

A

Fragile X

32
Q

Webbed neck, pectus excavatum, short stature, pulmonary stenosis

A

Noonan syndrome

33
Q

Small jaw, displaced tongue, cleft palate

A

Pierre-Robin syndrome

34
Q

Hypotonia, hypogonadism, obesity

A

Prader-Willi Syndrome

35
Q

Short stature, Learning difficulties, Friendly, neonatal hypercalcaemia, aortic stenosis

A

William’s syndrome

MRCP Part 1 (32 decks)

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