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Phase 3a > Paeds - Developmental milestones > Flashcards

Paeds - Developmental milestones Flashcards

1
Q

What gross motor skills should a child have at 6 weeks?

A

Good head control - Raises head to 45 degrees when on tummy
Stabilises head when raised to sitting position

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2
Q

What gross motor skills should a child have at 6 months?

A

Sitting without support with a rounded back
Can roll from their tummy to their back (vice versa slightly later)

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3
Q

Which comes first - rolling from tummy to back, or back to tummy?

A

Tummy to back

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4
Q

What gross motor skills should a child have at 7.5 months?

A

Sitting with a straight back

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5
Q

What gross motor skills should a child have at 9 months?

A

Standing holding on

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6
Q

When is a child expected to be able to walk? When is it a red flag if a child is not walking? What are some possible causes for delayed walking?

BONUS: One cause is genetic - what is the mode of inheritance? One cause can be identified during a NIPE using which manoeuvres?

A

Between 9 and 18 months

Not walking by 18 months is a red flag. Possible causes of delayed walking include Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy, hip problems and cerebral palsy

BONUS: Duchenne’s MD is X-linked recessive. The Barlow and Ortolani manoeuvres can identify hip problems during a NIPE

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7
Q

Which comes first, running or jumping? At what ages?

A

Running is first (16 months), then jumping (18 months)

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8
Q

What gross motor skills should a child have at 2 years old?

A

Running tiptoe
Walking upstairs - both feet on each step
Throwing a ball at shoulder level

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9
Q

What gross motor skills should a child have at 2.5 years old?

A

Kicking a ball

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10
Q

What gross motor skills should a child have at 3 years old?

A

Hopping on one foot for 3 steps (both feet)
Walking upstairs one foot per step
Walking downstairs two feet per step

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11
Q

When should children be able to use stairs?

A

2 years: Walk upstairs two feet per step

3 years: Walk upstairs one foot per step, walk downstairs two feet per step

4 years: Use stairs like an adult

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12
Q

What gross motor skills should a child have at 4 years old?

A

Walking upstairs / downstairs in an adult manner

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13
Q

What fine motor skills should a child have at 6 weeks?

A

Tracking objects / faces

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14
Q

What fine motor skills should a child have at 6 months?

A

Transferring hand to hand

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15
Q

What fine motor skills should a child have at 5 months?

A

Palmar grasp

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16
Q

What fine motor skills should a child have at 9 months?

A

Inferior pincer grip
Object permanence

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17
Q

When do children develop object permanence?

A

9 months

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18
Q

What fine motor skills should a child have at 12 months? BONUS: What red flag should we look out for?

A

Stacking 2 bricks
Casting bricks - this should disappear by 18 months. Persistence beyond this is abnormal

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19
Q

What fine motor skills should a child have at 10 months?

A

Neat pincer grip

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20
Q

What fine motor skills should a child have at 18 months?

A

Stacking 4 bricks

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21
Q

What fine motor skills should a child have at 15 months?

A

Drawing to and fro

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22
Q

What fine motor skills should a child have at 2 years old?

A

Drawing a vertical line
Stacking 8 bricks
Attempting puzzles (matching shapes). Children under 2 years will try randomly
Turning several pages of a book at a time

23
Q

What fine motor skills should a child have at 2.5 years old?

A

Drawing a horizontal line

24
Q

What fine motor skills should a child have at 3 years old?

A

Drawing a circle
Building a bridge with bricks
Single cuts with scissors
Use Griffiths beads
Turn one page of a book at a time

25
Q

What fine motor skills should a child have at 3.5 years?

A

Cutting pieces using scissors

26
Q

What fine motor skills should a child have at 4 years old?

A

Drawing a cross
Stacking 12 blocks
Cutting paper in half
Using small beads

27
Q

What fine motor skills should a child have at 4.5 years old?

A

Drawing a square
Building steps using bricks

28
Q

What fine motor skills should a child have at 5 years old?

A

Drawing a triangle or person
Building big steps with bricks

29
Q

What shapes should a child be able to draw, and at what ages?

A

15 months - To and fro
2 years - Vertical line
2.5 years - Horizontal line
3 years - Circle
4 years - Cross
4.5 years - Square
5 years - Triangle / person

30
Q

How many bricks should a child be able to stack, and at what age?

A

12 months - 2 bricks
18 months - 4 bricks
2 years - 8 bricks
3 years - Build a bridge or train
4 years - 12 bricks, build steps
5 years - Build big steps

31
Q

What speech and language skills should a child have at 6 weeks?

A

Stills and startles at loud noises

32
Q

What speech and language skills should a child have at 6 months?

A

Turns head to loud sounds
Monosyllabic babbles

33
Q

What speech and language skills should a child have at 7 months?

A

Understands “bye bye” and “no”

34
Q

What speech and language skills should a child have at 9 months?

A

Responds to own name
Imitates adult sounds

35
Q

What speech and language skills should a child have at 12 months?

A

Shows understanding of nouns (eg. “where’s mummy?”)
3 words

36
Q

What speech and language skills should a child have at 15 months?

A

Points to own body parts

37
Q

What speech and language skills should a child have at 18 months?

A

Points to body parts on a doll
Shows understanding of nouns (“show me the [blank]”)
1 to 6 different words

38
Q

What speech and language skills should a child have at 2 years old?

A

Shows understanding of verbs (“what do you draw with? What do you eat with?”)
2 words joined together (50+ words)

39
Q

What speech and language skills should a child have at 2.5 years old?

A

Shows understanding of prepositions in/on (“put the cat on the bowl”)
3-4 words joined together

40
Q

What speech and language skills should a child have at 3 years old?

A

Understands negatives (“which of these is NOT an animal?”)
Understands adjectives (“which one is red?”)

41
Q

What speech and language skills should a child have at 3.5 years old?

A

Understands comparatives (“which boy is bigger than this one?”)

42
Q

What speech and language skills should a child have at 4 years old?

A

Understands complex instructions (“before you put x in y, give z to Mummy”)
Uses complex narrative / sequences to describe events (eg. ask them to tell you what they did in school)

43
Q

How should a child’s grasp of language develop?

A

7 months - Understands “bye bye” and “no”
12 months - Shows understanding of nouns (“where’s Mummy?”)
18 months - Shows understanding of nouns (“show me the [blank]”)
2 years - Shows understanding of verbs (“what do you draw with, what do you eat with?”)
2.5 years - Shows understanding of prepositions in/on (“put the cat on the bowl”)
3 years - Understands negatives (“which of these is NOT an animal”) and adjectives (“which one is red?”)
3.5 years - Understands comparatives (“which boy is bigger than this one?”)
4 years - Understands complex instructions (“before you put x in y, give z to Mummy”)

44
Q

What social skills should a child have at 6 weeks? What do we need to worry about?

A

Social smile

If not, there is concern about a vision problem

45
Q

What social skills should a child have at 6 months?

A

Puts objects to mouth (stops at 1 yr)
Shakes rattle
Reaches for bottle / breast

46
Q

When should a child normally have stranger fear?

A

Between 6-9 months and 2 years

47
Q

What social skills should a child have at 9 months?

A

Stranger fear
Holding and biting food

48
Q

What social skills should a child have at 12 months?

A

Waves “bye bye”
Hand clapping
Plays alone if familiar person nearby (remember stranger fear is normal at this point)
Drinks from beaker with lid

49
Q

What social skills should a child have at 18 months?

A

Imitates everyday activities

50
Q

What social skills should a child have at 2.5 years?

A

Eats skilfully with spoon

51
Q

What social skills should a child have at 3 years old?

A

Begins to share toys with friends
Plays alone without parents (should not have stranger fear anymore)
Eats with fork and spoon
Bowel control

52
Q

What social skills should a child have at 4 years?

A

Concern / sympathy for others if hurt
Has best friend
Eats skillfully with little help
Can dress and undress

53
Q

What social skills should a child have at 4.5 years?

A

Bladder control
Engaged in imaginative play, observing rules (4.5 - 5 years)

54
Q

What social skills should a child have at 5 years old?

A

Handles knife

Phase 3a (6 decks)

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