Paeds - Developmental milestones Flashcards
What gross motor skills should a child have at 6 weeks?
Good head control - Raises head to 45 degrees when on tummy
Stabilises head when raised to sitting position
What gross motor skills should a child have at 6 months?
Sitting without support with a rounded back
Can roll from their tummy to their back (vice versa slightly later)
Which comes first - rolling from tummy to back, or back to tummy?
Tummy to back
What gross motor skills should a child have at 7.5 months?
Sitting with a straight back
What gross motor skills should a child have at 9 months?
Standing holding on
When is a child expected to be able to walk? When is it a red flag if a child is not walking? What are some possible causes for delayed walking?
BONUS: One cause is genetic - what is the mode of inheritance? One cause can be identified during a NIPE using which manoeuvres?
Between 9 and 18 months
Not walking by 18 months is a red flag. Possible causes of delayed walking include Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy, hip problems and cerebral palsy
BONUS: Duchenne’s MD is X-linked recessive. The Barlow and Ortolani manoeuvres can identify hip problems during a NIPE
Which comes first, running or jumping? At what ages?
Running is first (16 months), then jumping (18 months)
What gross motor skills should a child have at 2 years old?
Running tiptoe
Walking upstairs - both feet on each step
Throwing a ball at shoulder level
What gross motor skills should a child have at 2.5 years old?
Kicking a ball
What gross motor skills should a child have at 3 years old?
Hopping on one foot for 3 steps (both feet)
Walking upstairs one foot per step
Walking downstairs two feet per step
When should children be able to use stairs?
2 years: Walk upstairs two feet per step
3 years: Walk upstairs one foot per step, walk downstairs two feet per step
4 years: Use stairs like an adult
What gross motor skills should a child have at 4 years old?
Walking upstairs / downstairs in an adult manner
What fine motor skills should a child have at 6 weeks?
Tracking objects / faces
What fine motor skills should a child have at 6 months?
Transferring hand to hand
What fine motor skills should a child have at 5 months?
Palmar grasp
What fine motor skills should a child have at 9 months?
Inferior pincer grip
Object permanence
When do children develop object permanence?
9 months
What fine motor skills should a child have at 12 months? BONUS: What red flag should we look out for?
Stacking 2 bricks
Casting bricks - this should disappear by 18 months. Persistence beyond this is abnormal
What fine motor skills should a child have at 10 months?
Neat pincer grip
What fine motor skills should a child have at 18 months?
Stacking 4 bricks
What fine motor skills should a child have at 15 months?
Drawing to and fro
What fine motor skills should a child have at 2 years old?
Drawing a vertical line
Stacking 8 bricks
Attempting puzzles (matching shapes). Children under 2 years will try randomly
Turning several pages of a book at a time
What fine motor skills should a child have at 2.5 years old?
Drawing a horizontal line
What fine motor skills should a child have at 3 years old?
Drawing a circle
Building a bridge with bricks
Single cuts with scissors
Use Griffiths beads
Turn one page of a book at a time
What fine motor skills should a child have at 3.5 years?
Cutting pieces using scissors
What fine motor skills should a child have at 4 years old?
Drawing a cross
Stacking 12 blocks
Cutting paper in half
Using small beads
What fine motor skills should a child have at 4.5 years old?
Drawing a square
Building steps using bricks
What fine motor skills should a child have at 5 years old?
Drawing a triangle or person
Building big steps with bricks
What shapes should a child be able to draw, and at what ages?
15 months - To and fro
2 years - Vertical line
2.5 years - Horizontal line
3 years - Circle
4 years - Cross
4.5 years - Square
5 years - Triangle / person
How many bricks should a child be able to stack, and at what age?
12 months - 2 bricks
18 months - 4 bricks
2 years - 8 bricks
3 years - Build a bridge or train
4 years - 12 bricks, build steps
5 years - Build big steps
What speech and language skills should a child have at 6 weeks?
Stills and startles at loud noises
What speech and language skills should a child have at 6 months?
Turns head to loud sounds
Monosyllabic babbles
What speech and language skills should a child have at 7 months?
Understands “bye bye” and “no”
What speech and language skills should a child have at 9 months?
Responds to own name
Imitates adult sounds
What speech and language skills should a child have at 12 months?
Shows understanding of nouns (eg. “where’s mummy?”)
3 words
What speech and language skills should a child have at 15 months?
Points to own body parts
What speech and language skills should a child have at 18 months?
Points to body parts on a doll
Shows understanding of nouns (“show me the [blank]”)
1 to 6 different words
What speech and language skills should a child have at 2 years old?
Shows understanding of verbs (“what do you draw with? What do you eat with?”)
2 words joined together (50+ words)
What speech and language skills should a child have at 2.5 years old?
Shows understanding of prepositions in/on (“put the cat on the bowl”)
3-4 words joined together
What speech and language skills should a child have at 3 years old?
Understands negatives (“which of these is NOT an animal?”)
Understands adjectives (“which one is red?”)
What speech and language skills should a child have at 3.5 years old?
Understands comparatives (“which boy is bigger than this one?”)
What speech and language skills should a child have at 4 years old?
Understands complex instructions (“before you put x in y, give z to Mummy”)
Uses complex narrative / sequences to describe events (eg. ask them to tell you what they did in school)
How should a child’s grasp of language develop?
7 months - Understands “bye bye” and “no”
12 months - Shows understanding of nouns (“where’s Mummy?”)
18 months - Shows understanding of nouns (“show me the [blank]”)
2 years - Shows understanding of verbs (“what do you draw with, what do you eat with?”)
2.5 years - Shows understanding of prepositions in/on (“put the cat on the bowl”)
3 years - Understands negatives (“which of these is NOT an animal”) and adjectives (“which one is red?”)
3.5 years - Understands comparatives (“which boy is bigger than this one?”)
4 years - Understands complex instructions (“before you put x in y, give z to Mummy”)
What social skills should a child have at 6 weeks? What do we need to worry about?
Social smile
If not, there is concern about a vision problem
What social skills should a child have at 6 months?
Puts objects to mouth (stops at 1 yr)
Shakes rattle
Reaches for bottle / breast
When should a child normally have stranger fear?
Between 6-9 months and 2 years
What social skills should a child have at 9 months?
Stranger fear
Holding and biting food
What social skills should a child have at 12 months?
Waves “bye bye”
Hand clapping
Plays alone if familiar person nearby (remember stranger fear is normal at this point)
Drinks from beaker with lid
What social skills should a child have at 18 months?
Imitates everyday activities
What social skills should a child have at 2.5 years?
Eats skilfully with spoon
What social skills should a child have at 3 years old?
Begins to share toys with friends
Plays alone without parents (should not have stranger fear anymore)
Eats with fork and spoon
Bowel control
What social skills should a child have at 4 years?
Concern / sympathy for others if hurt
Has best friend
Eats skillfully with little help
Can dress and undress
What social skills should a child have at 4.5 years?
Bladder control
Engaged in imaginative play, observing rules (4.5 - 5 years)
What social skills should a child have at 5 years old?
Handles knife
