Paeds Cardio

Question 1

Endocarditis.

a) Bacterial causes
b) Signs
c) Risk factors
d) Criteria for diagnosing IE
e) Criteria for diagnosing rheumatic fever

Answer 1

a) Strep viridans, staph aureus
b) Roth spots, janeway lesion, olser nodes, splinter haemorrhages, acute GN
c) CHD, bicuspid aortic valve, prosthetic valve, valve disease, RHD
d) Duke’s
e) Rheumatic fever

Question 2

Long QT

a) Turns into what ECG pattern before VF? Rx?
b) Causes

Answer 2

a) Torsades de pointes - Magnesium

b) - Long QT syndromes (including Romano-Ward - long QT and deafness; also, Jervell and Lang-Nielssen)
- Drugs, metabolic, etc.

Question 3

Tetralogy of Fallot.

a) Treatment of the Tet spells

Answer 3

a) Morphine.

- Patients may squat to relieve them

Question 4

PHACE syndrome

Answer 4

Posterior fossa anomalies, Hemangioma, Arterial anomalies, Cardiac anomalies, and Eye anomalies

Question 5

Congenital heart disease.

a) Types
b) Presentation

Answer 5

a) - Cyanotic (clubbing): Truncus (1), Transposition (2), Tricuspid atresia (3) Tetralogy (4), TAPVR (5)
- Acyanotic:

b) Poor feeding, FTT, SOB, wheeze, tiredness
- Signs:

Question 6

ToF.
a) 4 core features
b)

Answer 6

• Pulmonary valve stenosis
• RV hypertrophy
• VSD
• Overriding aorta

Question 7

VSD.

a) Medical management

Answer 7

a) 1st line: Diuretics for heart failure and high-energy feeds; 2nd line: add ACEI +/- digoxin
- if these fail, operate to close the VSD