Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2020 phase 3a newer > paeds > Flashcards

paeds Flashcards

1
Q

how might cmpa present?

A

vomiting
diarrhoea with blood
eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how do you test for lactose intolerance?

A

lactose hydrogen test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are histological findings of coeliac disease?

A

jejunum is sampled
villous atrophy
crypt hyperplasia

t cell reaction! type 4!!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what isnt absorbed in coeliac disease?

A

iron
folate
b12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

causes of pathological jaundice?

A

haemolytic

sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the haemolytic causes of jaundice

A 
rhesus incompatibility
ABO incompatibiluty
spherocytosis
G6PD
pyruvate kinase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the torch infections

A 
toxoplasmosis
others - syphilis
rubella 
cmv 
herpes
hepatits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

is haemolytic jaundice conjugated?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

criggler najjar

A

glucoronyl transferase deficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is galactosaemia

A

deficiency of galactose breakdown enzyme

cataracts and speech deficit and ataxia

remove dairy from mum and child
and continue breastfeeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a coombs test used for?

A

check for ABO haemolysis

checks for antibodies on surface of RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what investigations would yo do for neonatal jaundice?

A

coombs
bilirubin
FBC - anaemia. haemolysis
blood film - g6pd, spherocytosis

blood typing of mum and baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how do you manage haemolytic disease of newborn?

A

phototherapy and check the threshold for the phototherapy and the plasma exchange transfusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

if phototherapy doesnt work what do you give?

A

ivig

exchange transfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how often is bilirubin monitored?

A

every 4-6 hours after phototherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when to stop phototherapy?

A

when bilirubin is 50 micromol/L below threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is kernicterus?

A

deposition of unconjugated bilirubin in basal ganglia and brainstem nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does kernicterus present?

A

increased muscle tone
seizures
coma
death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

complications of kernicterus?

A

choreoathetoid cerebral palsy

learning difficulties
sensorineural deafness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how does g6pd present?

A

neonatal jaunduce triggered by infections
intravascular haemolysis
splenomegaly
gallstones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how is g6pd diagnose?

A

g6pd enzyme assay
blood film: heinz bodies
bite and blister cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does bite and blister cells mean?

A

g6pd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does heinz bodies indicate?

A

g6pd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what antibiotics are contraindicated in g6pd?

A

ciprofloxacin
sulphonamides (all sulphs)
antimalarials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what can trigger aplastic crisis?
parvovirus can trigger in spherocytosis/sickle cell
26
what investigations for spherocytosis?
high MHCH and reticulocytes blood film - spherocytes coombs test = positive electrophoresis?
27
how is spherocytosis managed?
oral folate replacement splenectomy oral penicillin prophylaxis vaccination
28
how is aplastic crisis managed in spherocytosis?
blood transfusion
29
what is the difference between breastfeeding jaundice?
breastfeeding - not enough milk to lower bilirubin levels presents in first week of life breastmilk jaundice - second week - substance in milk inhibits breakdown of bilirubin presents in 2nd week of life
30
lifespan of fetal hb?
70 days
31
lifespan of fetal hb?
70 days
32
what rash associated with conjunctivitis?
measles cough coryzal conjunctivitis cranky
33
what causes bilateral undescended T?
congenital adrenal hypoplasia refer for paediatric endocrinologist if excluded and still undescended by 3m, refer to surgeons by 6m
34
how is unilateral undescended T treated?
review at 6-8 weeks review at 3 refer to surgeons if retractile, review annually
35
what condition is oesophogeal atresia common in?
downs
36
how does bacterial tracheitis present?
similar to croup - barking cough - stridor doesnt resolve caused by staph aureus treat with IV Abx/ intubation
37
what abx for uti in children
cephalexin
38
which rash associated with perioral sparing
parvovirus | also can cause aplastic crisis in those with spherocytosis? sickle cell???
39
what are the features of william's syndrome
``` star shaped iris elfin facies friendly short supravalvular aortic stenosis neonatal hypercalcaemia ```
40
what is squint towards nose?
esotropia
41
what is squint temporally?
exotropia
42
what is squint to the bottom?
hypotropia
43
what is the hirchberg test?
corneal light reflection test | asymmetrical if there is a squint
44
what does eye deviation on cover test imply?
squint
45
how is squint treated?
occlusive patch to prevent amblyopia (fails to correct even with glasses)
46
how is meningitis treated in neonates?
cefotaxime and amoxicillin
47
how to assess DDH in baby >4.5m?
xray
48
how is epistaxis treated?
chlorhexidine and neomycin
49
what murmur associated with transposition?
loud S2 | palpable ventricular pulse
50
where is affected in osgood schlatter?
tibial tuberosity
51
what maternal disease can lead to surfactant deficiency in neonates?
maternal t1/2 diabetes (not gestational)
52
what heart defects associated with turner's
aortic coarctation | bicuspid valve
53
what is ebstein's anomaly?
atrialisation of the right ventricle leaky tricuspid valve
54
how long exclusion for impetigo?
48hrs from antibiotics/h2o2
55
how is diaphragmatic hernia treated?
intubation and ventilation | ng tube to prevent distension of bowel??
56
what causes ambiguous genitalia in newborn?
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
57
what is bartter syndrome?
severe hypokalaemia, NORMOTENSION polyuria polydipsia caused by defective chloride absorption at nkcc2 in loop of henle spironolactone, electrolyte replacement, acei to reduce glomerular filtration
58
what are the features of neonatal CMV
blueberry muffin skin lesions microcephaly sensorineural deafness hepatosplenomegaly
59
what causes scarlet fever?
group a haemolytic strep (pyogenes)
60
what are the complications of scarlet fever?
rheumatic fever otitis media glomerulonephritis
61
what are the complications of measles?
otitis media pneumonia encephalitis subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
62
what are the complications of mumps?
pancreatitis | infertility
63
what prophylactic for child exposed to measles?
mmr vaccine
64
what is a complication of roseola infection?
febrile convulsions
65
what causes prada willi at genetic level?
imprinting | part of father's chromosome 15 missing
66
how would hirschprung's look on AXR?
fluid levels and dilated bowel
67
how is SUFE treated?
internal fixation across the growth plate
68
how is perthes' treated?
if under 6, observe | over = surgical (plaster cast/osteotomy?)
69
how is DDH treated?
pavlik harness (aka dynamic flexion-abduction orthosis) if older, surgery breech - uss hip
70
what investigation for pyloric stenosis?
uss abdo
71
what does barlow test do?
dislocate
72
what does ortolani test do?
relocate
73
if umbilical hernia, when to fix?
after 5 years
74
when is measles contagious?
4-5 days after resolution of rash
75
how does gord present in children?
vomiting when laid flat after feeding | draws legs up and arch back
76
what can rsv cause in children?
hyponatraemia and seizures
77
when to do uss/mcug/dmsa?
if recurrent uti uss within 6 weeks dmsa within 4-6 months only do mcug if less than 6m
78
paediatric maintenance fluids!
100ml/kg first 10 50ml/kg next 10 20ml/kg remainder over 24 hours
79
how is fluid deficit calculated?
percentage dehydration * weight * 10 over 24/48 hours?
80
stepwise acute asthma treatment
``` inhaled salb neb salb neb ipratropium oral prednisolone iv hydrocortisone magsulf aminophylline salbutamol IV ```
81
how is all treated?
chemo
82
how would ependymoma present?
3rd ventricles | surgery and radiotherapy
83
how would astrocytoma be treated?
surgery
84
how would medulloblastoma be treated?
resection | radio and chemo?
85
how would osteosarcoma be treated?
chemo and surgery
86
how would ewing's be treated?
radio
87
symptoms of nephrotic?
proteinuria hypoalbuminaemia oedema
88
commonest cause of nephrotic?
minimal change disease
89
how is nephrotic managed?
``` pred diuretics penicillin prophylaxis flu vaccine?? albumin infusion levomisole cephalosporin ```
90
how is retinopathy of prematurity treated?
laser therapy
91
intraventricular haemorrhages/periventricular leukomalacia associated with?
cerebral palsy
92
what is chronic lung disease defined as?
o2 requirement after 28 days? recurrent infections
93
how is nec treated?
abx and surgery
94
what is otitis media caused by?
pneumococcus
95
how is otitis media treated?
treat with pain relief if no response in 4 days - abx amoxicillin/erythromycin
96
what are complications of otitis media?
perforation - discharge and then pain relief glue ear - effusion causes conductive hearing loss mastoiditis meningitis
97
what are the symptoms of mastoiditis
``` swelling behind ear fever headache hearing loss ear discharge ```
98
how is mastoiditis managed?
ct head IV Abx myringotomy

2020 phase 3a newer (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions