Paeds Flashcards
Features of shaken baby syndrome?
Subdural haematoma, retinal haemorrhages, encephalopathy
(usualy <5yrs) - alert to child abuse
Feature of a benign systolic murmur? + examples of innocent murmurs?
Varies with posture, soft-blowing murmur in pulmonary area/short buzzing in aortic area, localised (NO radiation), NO diastolic component, no thrill, no added sounds, asymptomatic child, no other abnormality
E.g. Still’s murmur (low pitch, left sternal edge), venous hums (cont blowing below clavicles)
Causative org of croup + trademark symptoms?
Parainfluenza virus
Stridor (INSPIRATORY), BARKING cough
(+fever, coryzal symp)
Causative org of bronchiolitis + Tx?
Respiratory syncytial virus
Tx= supportive (humidified O2 via head box, nasogastric feeding, suction)
Causes of neonatal hypoglycaemia?
Maternal DM, prematurity, IUGR, hypothermia, neonatal sepsis, inborn errors of metabolism, nesidioblastosis, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Complication of slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE) + definite Tx?
Avascular necrosis of femoral head
Tx = SURGICAL (Internal fixation across the growth plate using a single cannulated screw) + meanwhile no weight bearing, analgesia
What apgar scores are:
V Low
Mod low
Good state
0-3
4-6
7-10
Which groups at high risk of RSV infec and what is the preventative Tx?
Prem, lung/heart abnorm, immunocompromised
Prevention = Palivizumab
Fraser guidelines (for contraception in <16y)?
- understands the professional’s advice
- cannot be persuaded to inform their parents
- likely to begin, or to continue having, sexual intercourse with or without contraceptive treatment
- unless they receive contraceptive treatment, their physical or mental health, or both, are likely to suffer
- their best interests require them to receive contraceptive advice or treatment with or without parental consent
What are the neonatal resuscitation guidelines?
Birth: Dry the baby, remove any wet towels and cover and start the clock or note the time.
Within 30 seconds: Assess tone, breathing and heart rate.
Within 60 seconds: If gasping or not breathing - open the airway and give 5 inflation breaths
Re-assess: If no increase in heart rate look for chest movement
If chest not moving: Recheck head position, consider 2-person airway control and other airway manoeuvres, repeat inflation breaths and look for a response.
If no increase in heart rate look for chest movement
When the chest is moving: If heart rate is not detectable or slow (< 60 min-1) - start chest compressions with 3 compressions to each breath.
Reassess heart rate every 30 seconds. If heart rate is not detectable or slow (<60 beats per minute) consider venous access and drugs
Causes of HTN in children?
MOST COMMON = Renal parenchymal dx
Renal vascular dx coarctation of aorta Phaeochromocytoma CAH essential/primary HTN (esp older kids)
What are nasal polyps associated with?
CF
Mx for Kawasaki’s disease?
High dose aspirin and single dose of IVIG
Aspirin 7.5-12.5mg/kg QDS for 2weeks until afebrile then 2-5mg/kg OD for 6-8wks
IVIG 2g/kg 1 dose (WITHIN 10 DAYS OF ONSET OF SYMP)
Which imaging modality to diagnose developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH)?
USS
Barlow and Ortolani tests done to inv
RFs for DDH?
FEMALES (6:1), breech at 36wks, FHx, first born, oligohydramnios, >5kg birth weight, congen calcaneovalgus foot deformity
